" Mulvey argues that Lacan's psychoanalytic theory is the key to understanding how film creates such a space for female sexual objectification and exploitation through the combination of the patriarchal order of society, and ' looking ' in itself as a pleasurable act of voyeurism, as " the cinema satisfies a primordial wish for pleasurable looking.

B. Ruby Rich argues that women ’ s relationships with film is instead dialectical, consciously filtering the images and messages they receive through cinema, and reprocessing them to elicit their own meanings.

However, David Bordwell argues that Ozu is one of the few directors to " create a systematic alternative to Hollywood continuity cinema, but he does so by changing only a few premises.

Lee argues that even if the Flatbush brothers are stereotyped figures, their " 10 minutes of screen time " is insignificant when compared to " 100 years of Hollywood cinema ... a slew of really racist, anti-Semitic filmmakers ".

Apparatus theory also argues that cinema maintains the dominant ideology of the culture within the viewer.

Proceeding from Parry's conclusions and adopting one of his schemata, Francis P. Magoun, Jr., argues that Beowulf likewise was created from a legacy of oral formulas inherited and extended by bards of successive generations, and the thesis is striking and compelling.

Foner argues that Lincoln was a moderate in the middle, opposing slavery primarily because it violated the republicanism principles of the Founding Fathers, especially the equality of all men and democratic self-government as expressed in the Declaration of Independence.

Burton ( 2008 ) argues that Lincoln's republicanism was taken up by the Freedmen as they were emancipated.

Swift however, Landa argues, is not merely criticizing economic maxims but also addressing the fact that England was denying Irish citizens their natural rights and dehumanizing them by viewing them as a mere commodity.

William of Malmesbury's account attacks Sybilla, but the evidence argues that Alexander and Sybilla were a devoted but childless couple and Sybilla was of noteworthy piety.

Fleuriot argues that Ambrosius led the Britons in the battle, in which he was defeated and forced to retreat to Burgundy.

The Exodus Rabbah argues that when the Pharaoh instructed midwives to throw male children into the Nile, Amram divorced Jochebed, who was three months pregnant with Moses at the time, arguing that there was no justification for the Israelite men to father children if they were just to be killed ; however, the text goes on to state that Miriam, his daughter, chided him for his lack of care for his wife's feelings, persuading him to recant and marry Jochebed again.

Barnes argues that the original was actually thirty-six books, which would mean that eighteen books had been lost ).

bell hooks argues that black nationalism was largely a patriarchical and misogynist movement, seeking to overcome racial divisions by strengthening sexist ones, and that it readily latched onto the idea of the emasculating black matriarch proposed by Daniel Patrick Moynihan, whose theories bell hooks often criticizes.

Author Jerome Clark argues that the Jacko Affair, involving an 1884 newspaper report of an apelike creature captured in British Columbia, was a hoax.

Bede was familiar with pagan authors such as Virgil, but it was not considered appropriate to teach biblical grammar from such texts, and in De schematibus ... Bede argues for the superiority of Christian texts in understanding Christian literature.

Some classical rabbinical literature argues that this was the original form of the name and was a reference to the advanced age of Jacob when Benjamin was born.

The midrashic book of Jasher argues that prior to revealing his identity, Joseph asked Benjamin to find his missing brother ( i. e. Joseph ) via astrology, using an astrolabe-like tool ; it continues by stating that Benjamin divined that the man on the throne was Joseph, so Joseph identified himself to Benjamin ( but not the other brothers ), and revealed his scheme ( as in the Torah ) to test how fraternal the other brothers were.

Carter argues in The Battle of Actium: The Rise and Triumph of Augustus Caesar that Antony knew he was surrounded and had nowhere to run.

In 1927, valence bond theory was formulated and it argues that a chemical bond forms when two valence electrons, in their respective atomic orbitals, work or function to hold two nuclei together, by virtue of effects of lowering system energies.

Waldo Dunnington, a biographer of Gauss, argues in Gauss, Titan of Science that Gauss was in fact in full possession of non-Euclidean geometry long before it was published by János Bolyai, but that he refused to publish any of it because of his fear of controversy.

In his book The Early Islamic Conquests ( 1981 ), Fred Donner argues that the standard Arabian practice at the time was for the prominent men of a kinship group, or tribe, to gather after a leader's death and elect a leader from amongst themselves.

McGilvray argues that this was caste-like solicitude for endogamy, and was aimed to prevent low status intermarriages.

The traditional staples thesis, advocated by scholars such as S. A. Saunders, looks at the resource endowments of the Maritimes and argues that it was the decline of the traditional industries of shipbuilding and fishing that led to Maritime poverty, since these processes were rooted in geography, and thus all but inevitable.

Kiernan argues that it is virtually impossible that there could have been a process of transmission which could have sustained the complicated mix of forms from dialect to dialect, from generation to generation, and from scribe to scribe.

Ravi Batra argues that " all official economic measures adopted since 1981 ... have devastated the middle class " and that the Occupy Wall Street movement should push for their repeal and thus end the influence of the super wealthy in the political process, which he considers a manifestation of crony capitalism.

* Michael Halliday's systemic functional grammar argues that the explanation of how language works " needed to be grounded in a functional analysis, since language had evolved in the process of carrying out certain critical functions as human beings interacted with their ... ' eco-social ' environment ".

Whereas the acquisition of craft skills required experience-based learning, he argues that this process necessitated many years in apprenticeship.

Smith argues that Yahweh underwent a process of merging with El and that acceptance of cults of Asherah was common in the period of the Judges.

Julian Doyle, the film's editor, has written a book The Life of Brian / Jesus, which not only describes the filmmaking and editing process but argues that Monty Python's film is the most accurate Biblical film ever made.

He argues that the explanation of how language works " needed to be grounded in a functional analysis, since language had evolved in the process of carrying out certain critical functions as human beings interacted with their ... ' eco-social ' environment ".

Kierkegaard argues that individuals who can overcome the levelling process are stronger for it and that it represents a step in the right direction towards " becoming a true self.

There he argues that a distribution of goods is just if brought about by free exchange among consenting adults and from a just starting position, even if large inequalities subsequently emerge from the process.

These, Slobin argues, are the kinds of cognitive process that are at the root of linguistic relativity.

Critic Christopher Sharrett argues that since Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho ( 1960 ) and The Birds ( 1963 ), the American horror film has been defined by the questions it poses " about the fundamental validity of the American civilizing process ", concerns amplified during the 1970s by the " delegitimation of authority in the wake of Vietnam and Watergate ".

In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Kuhn argues that the process of observation and evaluation take place within a paradigm.

Searle argues that a similar process can be applied to any indirect speech act as a model to find the primary illocutionary act ( 178 ).

In his thesis " New Arrival Students in Hong Kong: Adaptation and School Performance ", Hei Hang Hayes Tang argues that adaptation is a process of activation and accumulation of ( cultural and social ) capitals.

Quint argues that Cleopatra ( not Antony ) fulfils Virgil's Dido archetype ; " woman is subordinated as is generally the case in The Aeneid, excluded from power and the process of Empire-building: this exclusion is evident in the poem's fiction where Creusa disappears and Dido is abandoned ... woman's place or displacement is therefore in the East, and epic features a series of oriental heroines whose seductions are potentially more perilous than Eastern arms ", i. e., Cleopatra.

Parrinder however, equally skeptical of the concept of the Wake as a dream, argues that Joyce came up with the idea of representing his linguistic experiments as a language of the night around 1927 as a means of battling his many critics, further arguing that " since it cannot be said that neologism is a major feature of the dreaming process, such a justification for the language of Finnegans Wake smacks dangerously of expediency.

On the other hand, if God created man " in his image " by way of an evolutionary process ( or any other means ), then Plantinga argues our faculties would probably be reliable.

Grossman further argues that violence in television, movies and video games contributes to real-life violence by a similar process of training and desensitization.

Langston argues that philosophers of virtue ethics have unnecessarily neglected conscience for, once conscience is trained so that the principles and rules it applies are those one would want all others to live by, its practise cultivates and sustains the virtues ; indeed, amongst people in what each society considers to be the highest state of moral development there is little disagreement about how to act. Emmanuel Levinas viewed conscience as a revelatory encountering of resistance to our selfish powers, developing morality by calling into question our naive sense of freedom of will to use such powers arbitrarily, or with violence, this process being more severe the more rigorously the goal of our self was to obtain control.

Edelman argues that this dynamic selective process is directly analogous to the processes of selection that act on populations of individuals in species, and he also points out that this functional plasticity is imperative, since not even the vast coding capability of entire human genome is sufficient to explicitly specify the astronomically complex synaptic structures of the developing brain.

In Wissenschaftslehre, Fichte argues that the self posits itself and is a self-producing and changing process.

For instance, the religious philosopher Ninian Smart begins his Worldviews: Cross-cultural Explorations of Human Beliefs with " Exploring Religions and Analysing Worldviews " and argues for " the neutral, dispassionate study of different religious and secular systems — a process I call worldview analysis.

In Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, the political activist Noam Chomsky argues that exceptionalism and the denials of imperialism are the result of a systematic strategy of propaganda, to " manufacture opinion " as the process has long been described in other countries.

For this reason, she argues that the process of restoring democracy is easier in formerly authoritarian than in formerly totalitarian states, and that authoritarian states are more amenable to gradual reform in a democratic direction than are totalitarian states.

Fundamental to the succession-management process is an underlying philosophy that argues that top talent in the corporation must be managed for the greater good of the enterprise.