Upon sporulation, B. thuringiensis forms crystals of proteinaceous insecticidal δ-endotoxins ( called crystal proteins or Cry proteins ), which are encoded by cry genes.

# The discovery of crystals with two axes of double refraction, and many of the laws of their phenomena, including the connection between optical structure and crystalline forms ;

However, once frost forms, the leaf cells may be damaged by sharp ice crystals.

Granite has a slow cooling process which forms larger crystals.

Pasteur separated the left and right crystal shapes from each other to form two piles of crystals: in solution one form rotated light to the left, the other to the right, while an Racemic mixture | equal mixture of the two forms canceled each other's effect, and does not rotate the polarized light.

In 1991, when liquid crystal displays were already well established, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes received the Nobel Prize in physics " for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers ".

The latter is also well-soluble ; when dried, it forms pink crystals, similar to Nd ( NO < sub > 3 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >.

The combination of atoms or molecules into crystals or other extended forms leads to the creation of additional energetic states.

The two asymmetric crystals forms, dextrorotatory and levorotatory, of tartaric acid.

Pasteur noticed that the crystals come in two asymmetric forms that are mirror images of one another.

Sorting the crystals by hand gave two forms of the compound: Solutions of one form rotate polarized light clockwise, while the other form rotate light counterclockwise.

Prehnite crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, and most oftens forms as stalactitic or botryoidal aggregates, with only just the crests of small crystals showing any faces, which are almost always curved or composite.

Butter contains fat in three separate forms: free butterfat, butterfat crystals, and undamaged fat globules.

In the finished product, different proportions of these forms result in different consistencies within the butter ; butters with many crystals are harder than butters dominated by free fats.

Slower cooling forms microscopic crystals in the lava and results in textures such as flow foliations, spherulitic, nodular, and lithophysal structures.

Individual minerals in limonite may form crystals, but limonite does not, although specimens may show a fibrous or microcrystalline structure, and limonite often occurs in concretionary forms or in compact and earthy masses ; sometimes mammillary, botryoidal, reniform or stalactitic.

The mineral forms prismatic needle-like crystals, but is more typically massive.

Pentlandite forms isometric crystals, but is normally found in massive granular aggregates.

Overaging is avoided, as an equilibrium phase forms that depletes the beryllide crystals and reduces the strength enhancement.

Like others of the series, bytownite forms grey to white triclinic crystals commonly exhibiting the typical plagioclase twinning and associated fine striations.

However, this presupposes that the material forms a ' perfect crystal ' without any frozen in entropy ( defects, dislocations ), which is never completely true because crystals always grow at a finite temperature.

While quartz typically forms prismatic ( elongate, prism-like ) crystals, in tiger's eye the original fibrous habit of crocidolite is preserved.

Due to the presence of Greigite ( Fe < sub > 3 </ sub > S < sub > 4 </ sub >, Iron ( II, III ) sulfide ) in the mineral, it forms brownish pink to dark violet translucent crystals when whole and when ground into a powder, it is light purple to pink in color.

Tiberium has extraterrestrial origins and comes in a variety of forms, mostly the common green crystal but also in the form of more rare blue crystals, the extremely rare red crystals, and in the form of " veins ".

Spinel crystallizes in the isometric system ; common crystal forms are octahedra, usually twinned.

The term " isometric " comes from the Greek for " equal measure ", reflecting that the scale along each axis of the projection is the same ( unlike some other forms of graphical projection ).

Space forms are locally isometric to one of the following types:

It forms isometric crystals, and is usually associated with rare tellurium and gold minerals, often with silver, mercury, and copper.

Its dark crystals with red internal reflections are in the isometric system hexoctahedral class, appearing as cubic, octahedral, or dodecahedral forms, or in combinations.

Virus particles contain nucleocapsids one of two forms ; either bacilliform or isometric.

It forms isometric crystals of variable color: white, grey, blue, green, to brown.

These can range from simple spelling changes and word forms to switching the entire writing system itself, as when Turkey switched from the Arabic alphabet to a Turkish alphabet of Latin origin.

Also known as Lokāyata, it is a system of Hindu philosophy that assumes various forms of philosophical skepticism and religious indifference. It is named after its founder, Cārvāka, author of the Bārhaspatya-sūtras.

In this respect, all of the various forms of an alloy containing only two constituents, like iron and carbon, is called a binary system, while all of the alloy combinations possible with a ternary alloy, such as alloys of iron, carbon and chromium, is called a ternary system.

Without a writing system, the Ainu were masters of narration, with the Yukar and other forms of narration such as the Uepeker ( Uwepeker ) tales, being committed to memory and related at gatherings, often lasting many hours or even days.

Software includes all the various forms and roles that digitally stored data may have and play in a computer ( or similar system ), regardless of whether the data is used as code for a CPU, or other interpreter, or whether it represents other kinds of information.

Various forms of prepaid electronic toll collection systems are in place which allow quicker collection of toll, usually at a discounted rate, as well as use of dedicated toll plaza lanes ( for ENC system of the electronic toll collection ).

Albert Ellis ' system, originated in the early 1950s, was first called rational therapy, and can ( arguably ) be called one of the first forms of cognitive behavioral therapy.

In 1927, valence bond theory was formulated and it argues that a chemical bond forms when two valence electrons, in their respective atomic orbitals, work or function to hold two nuclei together, by virtue of effects of lowering system energies.

These range from simplified forms of the first-principles equations that are easier or faster to solve, to approximations limiting the size of the system ( for example, periodic boundary conditions ), to fundamental approximations to the underlying equations that are required to achieve any solution to them at all.

During early development of the vertebrate embryo, a longitudinal groove on the neural plate gradually deepens and the ridges on either side of the groove ( the neural folds ) become elevated, and ultimately meet, transforming the groove into a closed tube, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system.

Many definitions tend to postulate or assume that complexity expresses a condition of numerous elements in a system and numerous forms of relationships among the elements.

This forms the foundation for a secure operating system which, if certain critical parts are designed and implemented correctly, can ensure the absolute impossibility of penetration by hostile elements.

While modernist critical theory ( as described above ) concerns itself with “ forms of authority and injustice that accompanied the evolution of industrial and corporate capitalism as a political-economic system ,” postmodern critical theory politicizes social problems “ by situating them in historical and cultural contexts, to implicate themselves in the process of collecting and analyzing data, and to relativize their findings ” ( Lindlof & Taylor, 2002, p. 52 ).

The most common forms are civil conciliation and domestic conciliation, both of which are managed under the auspices of the court system by one judge and two non-judge " conciliators.

This framework forms a panarchy and exhibits non-linear behaviours ; this means that " effect and cause are disproportionate, so that small changes in critical variables, such as the numbers of nitrogen fixers, can lead to disproportionate, perhaps irreversible, changes in the system properties.

Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.

In contrast to other species, E. invadens forms cysts in vitro in the absence of bacteria and is used as a model system to study this aspect of the life cycle.

The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense ( the present tense serves here ) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject ( the " impersonal ").

" In both its specific and general forms, the ELIZA effect is notable for occurring even when users of the system are aware of the determinate nature of output produced by the system.

The parameter P represents all other forms of power done by the system such as shaft power, but it can also be e. g. electric power produced by an electrical power plant.

Most forms of feminism characterize patriarchy as an unjust social system that is oppressive to women.

In the 18th century Adam Smith popularized the forms " feudal government " and " feudal system " in his book Wealth of Nations ( 1776 ).

* Similarly, forms generators manage online interactions with the application system users or generate programs to do so.