Confucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of ren and yi.

Like deontology, rule consequentialism holds that moral behavior involves following certain rules.

Confucianism holds that one should give up one's life, if necessary, either passively or actively, for the sake of upholding the cardinal moral values of ren and yi.

" It has also been implied, especially in the ' alternate future ' story Kingdom Come, that the Clark Kent persona is symbolic of the values taught to him by his wholesome Midwestern parents, the values he holds most dear: his instinctive knowledge of right and wrong that allows him to adopt his Superman persona, without being consumed by the moral implications of his actions ; Superman is the means through which he can bring this example to the world.

Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help and serve others.

Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self ( also known as the subject ) with no higher regard than one has for others ( as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and " the self " to a status not granted to others ), but that one also should not ( as altruism does ) sacrifice one's own interests to help others ' interests, so long as one's own interests ( i. e. one's own desires or well-being ) are substantially equivalent to the others ' interests and well-being.

Associated with the pragmatists, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and especially John Dewey, pragmatic ethics holds that moral correctness evolves similarly to scientific knowledge: socially over the course of many lifetimes.

He holds the position that the alternative seems to be the elaborate philosophical reduction of the word " moral " into a vacuous, useless term.

The Catholic Church holds the position the there is no moral impediment to gambling, so long as it is fair, all bettors have a reasonable chance of winning, there is no fraud involved, and the parties involved do not have actual knowledge of the outcome of the bet ( unless they have disclosed this knowledge )

Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help and serve others.

Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self ( also known as the subject ) with no higher regard than one has for others ( as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and " the self " to a status not granted to others ), but that one also should not ( as altruism does ) sacrifice one's own interests to help others ' interests, so long as one's own interests ( i. e. one's own desires or well-being ) are substantially-equivalent to the others ' interests and well-being.

Objectivism is a system of philosophy created by philosopher and novelist Ayn Rand ( 1905 – 1982 ) that holds: reality exists independent of consciousness ; human beings gain knowledge rationally from perception through the process of concept formation and inductive and deductive logic ; the moral purpose of one's life is the pursuit of one's own happiness or rational self-interest.

*** Moral realism ( in the robust sense ; see moral universalism for the minimalist sense ) holds that such propositions are about robust or mind-independent facts, that is, not facts about any person or group's subjective opinion, but about objective features of the world.

**** Ethical naturalism holds that there are objective moral properties and that these properties are reducible or stand in some metaphysical relation ( such as supervenience ) to entirely non-ethical properties.

Moore, holds that there are objective and irreducible moral properties ( such as the property of ' goodness '), and that we sometimes have intuitive or otherwise a priori awareness of moral properties or of moral truths.

** Error theory, another form of moral anti-realism, holds that although ethical claims do express propositions, all such propositions are false.

Hare, holds that moral statements function like universalized imperative sentences.

Meta-ethical theories that imply an empirical epistemology include ethical naturalism, which holds moral facts to be reducible to non-moral facts and thus knowable in the same ways ; and most common forms of ethical subjectivism, which hold that moral facts reduce to facts about individual opinions or cultural conventions and thus are knowable by observation of those conventions.

There are exceptions within subjectivism however, such as ideal observer theory, which implies that moral facts may be known through a rational process, and individualist ethical subjectivism, which holds that moral facts are merely personal opinions and so may be known only through introspection.

According to natural law theory, which holds that morality is a function of human nature and reason can discover valid moral principles by looking at the nature of humanity in society, the content of positive law cannot be known without some reference to natural law ( or something like it ).

Statements such as the Banach – Tarski paradox can be rephrased as conditional statements, for example, " If AC holds, the decomposition in the Banach – Tarski paradox exists.

In spaces that are compact in this latter sense, it is often possible to patch together information that holds locally — that is, in a neighborhood of each point — into corresponding statements that hold throughout the space, and many theorems are of this character.

** Quasi-realism, defended by Simon Blackburn, holds that ethical statements behave linguistically like factual claims and can be appropriately called " true " or " false ", even though there are no ethical facts for them to correspond to.

Take, for example, Jesus's statement that " I am the Way, the Truth and the Life "-if God is Truth, God cannot have the power to be untruth-the same holds for being the way and being the life and several other Biblical statements about God and Christ.

* Moral anti-realism, on the other hand, holds that moral statements either fail or do not even attempt to report objective moral facts.

Formalism holds that mathematical statements may be thought of as statements about the consequences of certain string manipulation rules.

Structuralism is a epistemologically realistic view in that it holds that mathematical statements have an objective truth value.

The transfer principle states that true first order statements about R are also valid in * R. For example, the commutative law of addition, x + y = y + x, holds for the hyperreals just as it does for the reals ; since R is a real closed field, so is * R. Since for all integers n, one also has for all hyperintegers H. The transfer principle for ultrapowers is a consequence of Łoś ' theorem of 1955.

If this argument holds, and facts are taken to be what true statements stand for, then we reach the counter-intuitive conclusion that there is only one fact-" the truth ".

If the is – ought problem holds, then " ought " statements do not seem to be known in either of these two ways, and it would seem that there can be no moral knowledge.

The theory is opposed to the coherence theory of truth which holds that the truth or falsity of a statement is determined by its relations to other statements rather than its relation to the world.

The NCC holds no annual general membership meetings and provides no financial statements to its members.

Today however, Soames holds both statements to be antiquated.

Moral nihilism is distinct from moral relativism, which does allow for moral statements to be true or false in a non-objective sense, but does not assign any static truth-values to moral statements, and of course moral universalism, which holds moral statements to be objectively true or false.

She has since made contradictory statements as to whether she still holds Italian citizenship as well.

Church tradition ( including more recent statements of faith like the Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy and the Cambridge Declaration ) holds to the belief that only the original Hebrew Old Testament text and the original Greek New Testament text can be clearly identified as God's word.

FRE 410 holds that ( 1 ) withdrawn guilty pleas ; ( 2 ) nolo contendere pleas ; ( 3 ) statements made during proceedings regarding guilty pleas ; ( 4 ) statements made during proceedings regarding nolo contendere pleas ; ( 5 ) and statements made during plea discussions with an attorney present are inadmissible for public policy reasons even if they are relevant.

but true memory does not count nor add: it holds fast to things that were and they are outside of time.

No holds are barred.

This also holds true if restorative forces are applied.

About the same time the Alleghenies and Poconos in Pennsylvania are magnificent -- Renovo holds its annual Flaming Foliage Festival on Oct. 14, 15.

The famous Apollo of Mantua and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara in his left arm.

Abatement of debts and legacies is a common law doctrine of wills that holds that when the equitable assets of a deceased person are not sufficient to satisfy fully all the creditors, their debts must abate proportionately, and they must accept a dividend.

These aberrations are avoided if, according to Abbe, the sine condition, sin u ' 1 / sin u1 = sin u ' 2 / sin u2, holds for all rays reproducing the point O.

Kiernan argues against an 8th-century provenance because this would still require that the poem be transmitted by Anglo-Saxons through the Viking Age, holds that the paleographic and codicological evidence encourages the belief that Beowulf is an 11th-century composite poem, and states that Scribe A and Scribe B are the authors and that Scribe B is the more poignant of the two.

It holds that all phenomena ( Sanskrit: dharmas ) are intimately connected ( and mutually arising ).

Although the date, place, and circumstances of his death are historically unverifiable, Christian tradition holds that Barnabas was martyred at Salamis, Cyprus, in 61 AD.

If your side has two aces and a void, then you are not at risk of losing the first two tricks, so long as ( a ) your void is useful ( i. e., does not duplicate the function of an ace that your side holds ) and ( b ) you are not vulnerable to the loss of the first two tricks in the fourth suit ( because, for instance, one of the partnership hands holds a singleton in that suit or the protected king, giving your side second round control ).

Although vegetation holds the dunes in place in the Kanem region, farther north they are bare and have a fluid, rippling character.

The dealer holds the pack, face down, in one hand, and removes cards from the top of it with his or her other hand to distribute to the players, placing them face down on the table in front of the players to whom they are dealt.

The two main types of dualism are substance dualism ( which holds that the mind is formed of a distinct type of substance not governed by the laws of physics ) and property dualism ( which holds that the laws of physics are universally valid but cannot be used to explain the mind ).

The three main types of monism are physicalism ( which holds that the mind consists of matter organized in a particular way ), idealism ( which holds that only thought truly exists and matter is merely an illusion ), and neutral monism ( which holds that both mind and matter are aspects of a distinct essence that is itself identical to neither of them ).