Emigration to an uncivilized country leaves British nationality unaffected: indeed the right claimed by all states to follow with their authority their subjects so emigrating is one of the usual and recognized means of colonial expansion.

* 1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states adjacent to India's North West Frontier Province.

The province consisted of the districts of Ajmer and Merwara, which were physically separated from the rest of British India by the many princely states of Rajputana.

Unlike these states, which were ruled by local nobles who acknowledged British suzerainty, Ajmer-Merwara was administered directly by the British, until 1858 by the East India Company and after 1858 by a chief commissioner who was subordinate to the Governor-General of India's agent for the Rajputana Agency.

As well as being the westernmost province of Western Canada, British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest, along with the US states of Oregon and Washington.

British Columbia is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west, by the U. S. state of Alaska on the northwest as well as parts of the west, on the north by the Yukon and the Northwest Territories, on the east by the province of Alberta, and on the south by the U. S. states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana.

In addition, The Verse Account of Nabonidus ( British Museum tablet 38299 ) states, " entrusted the army (?

b. Youatt states that the Southern Hound may have been native to the British Isles and used on hunts by the Ancient Britons.

A British Army memorandum states that as a result of this the situation " changed overnight ", with the Provisional IRA's campaign in the city beginning at that time after previously being regarded as " quiescent ".

The report states, contrary to the previously established belief, that no stones and no petrol bombs were thrown by civilians before British soldiers shot at them, and that the civilians were not posing any threat.

Even though cadmium and its compounds may be toxic in certain forms and concentrations, the British Pharmaceutical Codex from 1907 states that cadmium iodide was used as a medication to treat " enlarged joints, scrofulous glands, and chilblains ".

The Commonwealth of Nations — formerly the British Commonwealth — is a voluntary association of 54 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies with three exceptions, Mozambique ( which was a Portuguese possession ), Rwanda ( which was a Belgian mandate ) and Cameroon ( which is a union of a French mandate and a British mandate ) plus the United Kingdom itself.

Cranberries are a major commercial crop in the U. S. states of Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin, as well as in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Quebec.

At the heart of the Great Game lay the willingness of Britain and Russia to subdue, subvert, or subjugate the small independent states that lay between Russia and British India.

* English in the British Isles until its consolidation as a national language in the Renaissance and the rise of Modern English ; subsequently internationally under the various states in or formerly in the British Empire ; globally since the victories of the predominantly English speaking countries ( United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and others ) and their allies in the two world wars ending in 1918 ( World War I ) and 1945 ( WW II ) and the subsequent rise of the United States as a superpower and major cultural influence.

The government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, conferred the additional title upon her by an Act of Parliament, reputedly to assuage the monarch's irritation at being, as a mere Queen, notionally inferior to her own daughter ( Princess Victoria was the wife of the reigning German Emperor ); the Indian Imperial designation was also formally justified as the expression of Britain succeeding as paramount ruler of the subcontinent the former Mughal ' Padishah of Hind ', using indirect rule through hundreds of princely states formally under protection, not colonies, but accepting the British Sovereign as their suzerain.

The 50 stars on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states in the Union.

The Aga Khans, a unique dynasty of temporal / religious leadership, leading an offshoot of Shia Islam in Central and South Asia, once ranking among British India's princely states, continue to the present day.

Such arrangements are not to be confused with supranational entities which are not states and are not defined by a common monarchy but may ( or not ) have a symbolic, essentially protocollary, titled highest office, e. g. Head of the Commonwealth ( held by the British crown, but not legally reserved for it ) or ' Head of the Arab Union ' ( 14 February-14 July 1958, held by the Hashemite King of Iraq, during its short-lived Federation with Jordan, its Hashemite sister-realm ).

The Anglo-Saxons warred with British successor states in Wales, Cornwall, and the Hen Ogledd ( Old North ; the Brythonic-speaking parts of northern England and southern Scotland ), as well as with each other.

In the European Union member states, Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the use of capital punishment.

It is implicit in the Westphalian system of nation-states, and explicitly recognized under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, that all states have the inherent right to individual and collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against them.

Article 51 of the UN Charter guarantees the right of states to defend themselves until ( and unless ) the Security Council takes measures to keep the peace.

Alleged violations of the Charter can also be raised by states in the Security Council.

Membership is "... open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

Under Article 34 Statute of the ICJ only states may be parties in cases before the Court and, under Article 36, the jurisdiction comprises all cases which the parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in force.

In Article 5 states: Immediate steps shall be taken in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories, or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the peoples of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom, moreover on 15 December 1960 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1541 ( XV ) under titled Principles which should guide members in determining whether or nor an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under Article 73e of the United Nations Charter in Article 3 provided that nadequacy of political, economic, social or educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying independence.

* Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 states that purpose of the UN Charter is: " To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace.

This is justified by reference to Paragraph 6 of UN Resolution 1514 ( XV ), which states that any attempt " aimed at partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter ".

The United Nations Charter states that treaties must be registered with the UN to be invoked before it or enforced in its judiciary organ, the International Court of Justice.

Section 103 of the Charter also states that its members ' obligations under it outweigh any competing obligations under other treaties.

The United Nations Charter " reaffirmed faith in fundamental human rights, and dignity and worth of the human person " and committed all member states to promote " universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion ".

While not a treaty itself, the Declaration was explicitly adopted for the purpose of defining the meaning of the words " fundamental freedoms " and " human rights " appearing in the United Nations Charter, which is binding on all member states.

In the Bangkok Declaration adopted by Ministers of Asian states meeting in 1993 in the lead up to the World Conference on Human Rights held in the same year, Asian governments reaffirmed their commitment to the principles of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council was to consist of an equal number of United Nations Member States administering trust territories and non-administering states.

The Trusteeship Council was not assigned responsibility for colonial territories outside the trusteeship system, although the Charter did establish the principle that member states were to administer such territories in conformity with the best interests of their inhabitants.

# Membership in the United Nations is open to all other peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to carry out these obligations.

The Charter of the Organisation was signed by 32 independent African states.

It was a body created under the terms of the United Nations Charter ( specifically, under Article 68 ) to which all UN member states are signatories.

Other states, whilst not containing constitutional provisions directly related to religion, nonetheless contain provisions forbidding discrimination on religious grounds ( see, for example, Article 1 of the French Constitution, article 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and article 40 of the Constitution of Egypt ).

According to this argument, the sovereignty of Taiwan was returned to the people of Taiwan when Japan renounced sovereignty of Taiwan in the Treaty of San Francisco ( also known as San Francisco Peace Treaty, SFPT ) in 1951, based on the policy of self-determination which has been applied to " territories which detached from enemy states as a result of the Second World War " as defined by article 76b and 77b of the United Nations Charter and also by the protocol of the Yalta Conference.

He also argued that under the U. S. Constitution, treaties, including the United Nations Charter, become the supreme law of the land that neither the states, the president, nor the congress have the power to break.

Furthermore, the Charter states that obligations to the United Nations prevail over all other treaty obligations.

Although the Preamble is an integral part of the Charter, it does not set out any of the rights or obligations of member states, rather its purpose is to serve as an interpretative guide for the provisions of the Charter through the highlighting of some of the core motives of the founders of the organisation.