Timothy Palmer, who invented and later patented the arch type of construction for wooden bridges, was the genius who planned and supervised the building of the Essex, or `` Deer Island '' bridge although the actual work was carried out under the direction of William Coombs, who received $300 as recompense.

Dynamite was patented in the US and the UK and was used extensively in mining and the building of transport networks internationally.

Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr ( diatomaceous earth ) it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as ' dynamite '.

' Gelignite ', or blasting gelatin, as it was named, was patented in 1876 ; and was followed by a host of similar combinations, modified by the addition of potassium nitrate and various other substances.

In 1855 ferro-cement boat construction was patented by the French.

In the United States the first water caterpillar was patented in 1839 by William Leavenworth of New York.

Slavoljub Eduard Penkala invented a solid-ink fountain pen in 1907, a German inventor named Baum took out a ballpoint patent in 1910, and yet another ballpoint pen device was patented by Van Vechten Riesburg in 1916.

The Baudot code was created by Émile Baudot in 1870, patented in 1874, modified by Donald Murray in 1901, and standardized by CCITT as International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2 ( ITA2 ) in 1930.

A method for producing Portland cement was patented by Joseph Aspdin on 1824.

English masonry worker Joseph Aspdin patented Portland cement in 1824 ; it was named because of its similarity in color to Portland limestone, quarried from the English Isle of Portland and used extensively in London architecture.

This was developed by James Parker in the 1780s, and finally patented in 1796.

In 1824, Joseph Aspdin patented a similar material, which he called Portland cement, because the render made from it was in color similar to the prestigious Portland stone.

Thomas Bell patented the technique of printing by copper rollers in 1783, and the first machine was set up by Livesey, Hargreaves & Co near Preston in 1785.

Dynamite was invented by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Nobel in Krümmel ( Geesthacht, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany ), and patented in 1867.

Until Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785, beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer.

Although Brewster patented kaleidoscope in 1817 ( GB 4136 ), a copy of the prototype was shown to London opticians and copied before the patent was granted.

* 1943 -' 46: The Common-rail ( CRD ) system was invented ( and patented by ) Clessie Cummins

* 1962 -' 65: A diesel compression braking system, eventually to be manufactured by Jacobs ( of drill chuck fame ) and nicknamed the " Jake Brake ", was invented and patented by Clessie Cummins.

Ludwig-Musser, William F. Ludwig Senior and his brother Theodor Ludwig founded the Ludwig & Ludwig Co. in 1909 and patented the first workable bass drum pedal system, paving the way for what was to become the modern drum kit.

In 1901, Jokichi Takamine patented a purified adrenal extract, and called it " adrenalin ", which was trademarked by Parke, Davis & Co in the U. S. In the belief that Abel's extract was the same as Takamine's, a belief since disputed, epinepherine became the generic name in the U. S. The British Approved Name and European Pharmacopoeia term for this chemical is adrenaline and is indeed now one of the few differences between the INN and BAN systems of names.

The mercenaries were little interested in farming and added nothing to the output of the farm plots on which all work was still done with hoes as late as 1818.

It was the low yield of the Selkirk plots and the ravages of grasshoppers in 1818 that led to the dispersal of the settlement southward.

As the time drew near for the drawing of the British-American frontier by terms of the agreement of 1818, the company suspected that the Pembina colony -- its own post and Fort Daer -- was on American territory.

In Indiana, when Lincoln was nine, his mother Nancy died of milk sickness in 1818.

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe ( September 27, 1818 – November 25, 1884 ) was a German chemist.

The house was restored to the U. S. in 1818, though the fur trade would remain under British control until American pioneers following the Oregon Trail began filtering into the port town in the mid-1840s.

A significant contribution to the chemistry of alkaloids in the early years of its development was made by the French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, who discovered quinine ( 1820 ) and strychnine ( 1818 ).

The territory was ceded to the British by Daulat Rao Sindhia by a treaty on June 25, 1818.

Part of the Ajmer region, the territory of the future province was ceded to the British by Daulat Rao Sindhia as part of a treaty dated June 25, 1818.

Baker was discovered in 1818 by Captain Elisha Folger of the Nantucket whaling ship Equator, who called the island " New Nantucket ".

It is regarded as the forerunner of the modern bicycle and was introduced by Drais to the public in Mannheim in summer 1817 and in Paris in 1818.

One of the earliest accounts relating to a large unknown freshwater animal was in 1818, when Hamilton Hume and James Meehan found some large bones at Lake Bathurst in New South Wales.

A declaration of independence was officially issued by Chile on February 12, 1818 and formally recognized by Spain in 1840, when full diplomatic relations were established.

For many years, the city's largest employer was the New England Glass Company, founded in 1818.

Clausewitz was promoted to Major-General in 1818 and appointed director of the Kriegsakademie, where he served until 1830.

David Hayes Agnew ( November 24, 1818 – March 22, 1892 ) was an American surgeon.

He was born on November 24, 1818 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

was conferred upon Brewster by Marischal College, Aberdeen ; in 1815 he was made a member of the Royal Society of London, and received the Copley medal ; in 1818 he received the Rumford Medal of the society ; and in 1816 the French Institute awarded him one-half of the prize of three thousand francs for the two most important discoveries in physical science made in Europe during the two preceding years.

Dalhousie University was first established as a non-sectarian college in 1818 by the Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie, whom the university was named after.

The school was established in 1818, structured after the University of Edinburgh, which was located near Ramsay's home in Scotland.

He was educated for the priesthood at Saint-Sulpice, where in 1818 he became professor of dogmatic theology.

30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848 ) was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her solitary novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature.