After repeated attacks by German submarines on U. S. ships, Roosevelt announced on 11 September 1941 that he had ordered the U. S. Navy to attack German and Italian war vessels in the " waters which we deem necessary for our defense ".

Several Italian Navy submarines were named after Evangelista Torricelli

* September 17 – At a conference at Nyon, Switzerland, to address Italian attacks on merchant ships in the Mediterranean Sea attended by Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Turkey, delegates agree that a British and French naval patrol in the Mediterranean west of Malta previously authorized to sink submarines suspected of attacking merchant ships also will be authorized to attack aircraft suspected of engaging in anti-shipping strikes.

After Greece's catastrophic defeat, the 1920s and early 1930s were a politically turbulent period, with the economy in a bad state, so the Navy received no new units, apart from the modernization of four destroyers and the acquisition of six French submarines in 1927 and four Italian destroyers in 1929.

The most important role was given to the submarines, which although obsolete, managed to sink several Italian cargo ships in the Adriatic.

In all, 21 German and two Italian submarines were responsible for the sinking of 36 Brazilian merchant ships, causing 1, 691 drownings and 1, 079 other casualties.

After the sinking of Brazilian merchant ships by German and Italian submarines throughout 1942, popular mobilization forced the Brazilian government to abandon its passiveness and declare war on Germany and Italy in August, 1942.

The Italian Royal Navy ( Regia Marina ) presence in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and the western Pacific Ocean consisted of destroyers, submarines, and a small number of armed merchantmen.

The majority of these were based at Massawa in Eritrea as part of the Italian Red Sea Flotilla, primarily seven destroyers and eight submarines.

Italian and German submarines were also to be deployed for scouting purposes and for intercepting any British naval forces attempting to interfere with the seaborne landings.

* June 14 – 16 – German and Italian aircraft join Italian surface warships and submarines in opposing Operation Harpoon, an Allied Malta resupply convoy from Gibraltar escorted by the British aircraft carriers and, and Operation Vigorous, a simultaneous resupply convoy from Alexandria, Egypt ; Royal Air Force and U. S. Army Air Forces aircraft from Malta and North Africa provide support to the convoys.

Italian submarines and one German submarine operated in the Pacific Ocean, but never enough to be an important factor, inhibited by distance and difficult relations with their Japanese ally.

Some German and Italian submarines operated in the Indian Ocean, but never enough to be an important factor.

Malta was the base from which surface ships, submarines and aircraft attacked Axis convoys carrying essential supplies to the Italian and German armies in North Africa.

When the British convoy was detected, Axis commanders decided to attack with German and Italian aircraft based in Sardinia and send 10 submarines, E-Boats and MAS motor torpedo boats into the Sicilian Channel.

* 2 Italian COS. MO. S SX-404 midget submarines: S-1 Haijiao ( 海蛟 ), S-2 Hailong ( 海龍 ), in service from October 8, 1969 to November 1, 1973.

Italian submarines began to sink Spanish, Soviet and other nations ' ships transporting materials through the Mediterranean to Republican harbours.

The Italian and British surface fleets were evenly matched in the region, but the Italians had a significant numerical advantage in submarines and aircraft.

Two-thirds of the Italian merchant fleet was sunk ; 25 per cent by British submarines, 37 per cent by Allied aircraft.

During his ministry, maritime access for Soviet material aid remained effectively cut off by the attacks of Italian submarines and the French frontier remained closed.

The Red Sea Flotilla included seven destroyers organized into two squadrons, five motor torpedo boats ( MTB, or in Italian ; Motoscafo Armato Silurante, MAS ) organized into one squadron together with eight submarines organized into two squadrons.

Between 20 October and 21 October, the Italian submarines Guglielmo and Gauleo Ferraras tried to intercept a large British Red Sea convoy coming from the Indian Ocean and sailing to Port Sudan and Suez.

From 1 March to 4 March, the remaining Italian submarines at Massawa escaped destruction by sailing south.

Founded by a merger arranged by the Fascist regime in 1927, Roma have participated in the top-tier of Italian football for all of their existence but one season in the early 50s ( 1951 – 52 ).

These include Giuseppe De Nittis, an Italian artist living in Paris who participated in the first Impressionist exhibit at the invitation of Degas, although the other Impressionists disparaged his work.

He participated in Twentieth-Century Italian Art show at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1944.

His son Ludovico ( died January 27, 1534 ) and his nephew Enrico ( died 1528 ) participated in the Italian Wars at the service of both France and Spain, often changing side with the typical ease of the Italian military leaders of the time.

Later, Fascist Italy participated actively in the persecution of the Italian Jews, arresting and handing over tens of thousands of Jews to Nazi Germany.

He participated in the Italian Social Republic with Giorgio Almirante, founder of the neofascist Italian Social Movement ( MSI ).

* Enrico Dandolo ( 1827 – 1849 ), a figure of the Italian Risorgimento who participated in several of its most important battles and participated in the formation of the Roman Republic.

In 1401-1402 Oswald participated in the failed Italian expedition of King Rupert of Germany.

Mattei participated in the North Italian military command of the National Liberation Committee (-CLN ) on behalf of the Christian Democrats.

While on duty, del Valle participated as an observer with the Italian Forces during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.

Father Jožef in 1866 participated in the second Battle of Vis, where Austro-Hungarian Navy under command of von Tegetthoff defeated Royal Italian Navy commanded by Count di Persano.

For almost 25 years, Cleveland Bishop Anthony Pilla participated in the parade and Mass to celebrate his Italian heritage.

Important to Italian tradition are Byzantine icons, especially those created in Constantinople ( Istanbul ), the capital of the longest, enduring medieval civilization whose icons participated in civic life and were celebrated for their miraculous properties.

In 1984, Vaughan participated in one of the more unusual projects of her career, The Planet is Alive, Let It Live a symphonic piece composed by Tito Fontana and Sante Palumbo on Italian translations of Polish poems by Karol Wojtyla, the future Pope John Paul II.

They were composed mostly of Italian soldiers who wished to continue the war against Nazi Germany, but other people from different nationalities participated also.

During the Directory regime of the First French Republic ( 1795 – 1799 ), the Bacri and the Busnach, Jewish negotiants of Algiers, provided important quantities of grain for Napoleon's soldiers who participated in the Italian campaign of 1796.

She was discovered and sent home but later participated in military operations with the Italian 3ème Régiment de Chasseurs Alpins ( 3rd Regiment of Alpine Soldiers ) in the Italian Dolomites at the direct request of Marshal Foch.

More than 20 years later, the ANSA, Italian press agency, recalled that he had supported in 2005 one of his physicians, Michele d ' Auria, who was a former member of Prima Linea, an Italian far-left group, and was accused of having participated to hold-ups in 1990.

Israel ’ s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the Minister for Strategic Affairs, Moshe Yaalon, Jewish Agency for Israel Chairman Natan Sharansky, former Canadian Justice Minister and current member of Parliament Irwin Cotler, Italian lawmaker Fiamma Nirenstein and international Jewish leaders participated in the consultation, which led to the establishment of the ‘ Global Coalition for Israel ’ and the formation of task forces to implement the conclusions reached.