After the death of Nero the dislocation of many legions within the Empire resulted in replacement of legio VIII Augusta by legio I Italica, which stayed in Novae at least to the 30 ’ s of the 5th century.

Almost immediately it paid dividends ; in 76 BC he defeated Hirtuleius, Sertorius ’ quaestor, at Italica.

Hadrian was born Publius Aelius Hadrianus to an ethnically Italian family, either in Italica near Seville, in today ´ s Spain, or in Rome.

The games and theatrical performances funded by the local aristocracy, who filled the positions of magistrate, were a means of establishing status: the size of the amphitheater shows that the local elite was maintaining status that extended far beyond Italica itself.

The Roman amphitheatre at Italica seated 25, 000

A shift of the Guadalquivir River bed, probably due to siltation — a widespread problem in antiquity that followed removal of the forest cover — left Italica isolated, high and dry.

Italica, in the Roman province of Hispania i. e., Spain was once considered the prime candidate, based on his cognomen Italicus, but if that were the case Latin usage would have demanded the form Italicensis, and it is highly improbable that Martial would have failed to name him among the literary celebrities of Spain in the latter half of the 1st century.

Hadrian was born Publius Aelius Hadrianus in Italica, or in Rome, from a well-established family which had originated in Picenum in Italy and had subsequently settled in Italica, Hispania Baetica ( the republican Hispania Ulterior ), near the present-day location of Seville, Spain.

The rebellious allies showed their intentions of not just separating from Rome, but also forming an independent nation, called Italia, and forming a capital at Corfinium ( in modern-day Abruzzo ) that was renamed Italica.

In 193, II Italica marched into Rome with Septimius Severus, then fighting for power.

Before returning to Rome, Scipio settled a contingent of veteran soldiers on a hill close to Hispalis, but far enough away to deter belligerents, and thus founded Italica, the first provincial city in which the inhabitants had all the rights of Roman citizenship.

It was probably to the importance of its situation in a military point of view that it was mainly indebted for this distinction ; but the allied nations seem to have destined it to be the permanent capital of Italy, and the rival of Rome, as they changed its name to Italica, and adorned it with a new and spacious forum and senate house, and other public buildings of a style corresponding to its intended greatness.

Hadrian visited Italica when ( or never left it until ) he was 14 years old, when he was recalled by Trajan, who thereafter looked after his development.

He never returned to Italica although it was later made a colonia in his honour.

Marcus Ulpius Traianus was born on 18 September 53 in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica ( in what is now Andalusia in modern Spain ), a province that was thoroughly Romanized and called southern Hispania, in the city of Italica ( now in the outskirts of Seville ), where the Italian families were paramount.

The patria of the Ulpii was Italica, in Spanish Baetica, where their ancestors had settled late in the 3rd century BC.

Theodosius was born in Cauca or Italica, Hispania, to senior military officer Theodosius the Elder.

In 179, the Roman fort Castra Regina (" fortress by the river Regen ") was built for Legio III Italica during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.

It was not until the reign of Antoninus Pius that the Second Legion, Pia ( later renamed Italica ) was stationed in Noricum, and the commander of the legion became the governor of the province.

During the reign of Marcus Aurelius, Raetia was governed by the commander of the Legio III Italica, which was based in Castra Regina ( Regensburg ) by 179 AD.

Legio prima Italica ( Latin for " First legion Italica "; the cognomen " Italica " is a reference to the Italian origin of its first recruits ) was a Roman legion levied by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 ( the date is attested by an inscription ).

Also, the governor of Gaul, Gaius Julius Vindex, rose in revolt in early 68 and I Italica was redirected there, arriving just in time to see the end of the revolt.

Around 140, a centurion from I Italica was responsible for the construction of a section of the Antonine Wall.

During the reign of Marcus Aurelius, I Italica was almost certainly involved in the wars against the Germanic tribes that threatened to cross the Danube.

Legio secunda Italica ( Second Italian legion ), was a Roman legion levied by emperor Marcus Aurelius in 165 together with I Italica at a time when the Roman Empire was fighting both in Germania and in Parthia.

* 66 – Roman Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica.

* Trajan is the first Roman Emperor born in Italica, near Seville.

At least three Roman Legions are known to have had a boar as their emblems: Legio I Italica, Legio X Fretensis and Legio XX Valeria Victrix.

* The city of Italica ( north west of modern Seville, Spain ) is founded by Scipio as a place to settle for the Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa.

Map of the Roman empire in AD 125, under emperor Hadrian, showing the Legio I Italica, stationed on the river Danube at Svishtov | Novae ( Svishtov, Bulgaria ), in Moesia Inferior province, from AD 70 until the 5th century

Denarius issued in 193 by Septimius Severus, to celebrate I Italica, which supported the commander of the Pannonia n legions in his fight for the Roman Emperor | purple.

In the aftermath of the Roman – Parthian War of 58 – 63, Emperor Nero levied the I Italica with the name phalanx Alexandri Magni (" phalanx of Alexander the Great "), for a campaign in Armenia, ad portas Caspias-to the pass of Chawar.

They took control of almost all Hispania Ulterior, including the important Roman colonies of Italica and Corduba ( the capital of the province ).

Legio tertia Italica ( Third Italian legion ) was a Roman legion levied by Marcus Aurelius around 165, for his campaign against the Marcomanni tribe.

The city of Italica ( Spanish: Itálica ; north of modern day Santiponce, 9 km NW of Seville, Spain ) was founded in 206 BC by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus in order to settle Roman soldiers wounded in the Battle of Ilipa, where the Carthaginian army was defeated during the Second Punic War.

Italica was the birthplace of the Roman emperor Trajan.

In Italica, cobbled Roman streets are visible, and mosaic floors still in situ.

Since the cognomen III Italica Gordiana is recorded, vexellations ( sub-units ) of the legion were involved in Emperor Gordian III's campaign against the Sassanid Empire in 243-244.

Image: Antoninianus Gallienus 260-leg 2 Italica. jpg | Antoninianus issued to celebrate, " Legio II Italica seven times faithful and loyal.

Image: Antoninianus Gallienus 260-leg 3 Italica. jpg | Antoninianus issued to celebrate, " Legio III Italica six times faithful and loyal.

Hadrian's forefathers came from Hadria, modern Atri, an ancient town of Picenum in Italy, but the family had settled in Italica in Hispania Baetica soon after its founding by Scipio Africanus.

* September 22 – Emperor Nero creates the legion I Italica.

* Legio II Italica is levied by emperor Marcus Aurelius.