Thus, there was seen a need for a new law that would ensure the continuance of the succession following the death of the last legal heir under the Bill of Rights, being Princess Anne, guaranteeing the line of succession would continue in the Protestant line, and excluding any possible claims by the deposed James II or his son and daughter, James Francis Edward and Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart.

* 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " describing the double helix structure of DNA.

In the 1950s, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin, and Maurice Wilkins were instrumental in solving DNA structure and suggesting its relationship with genetic transfer of information.

Key work on the traditional ballad was undertaken in the late 19th century in Denmark by Svend Grundtvig and for England and Scotland by the Harvard professor Francis James Child.

* James Francis Byrnes and U. S. Policy towards Germany 1945-1947 Deutsch-Amerikanische Zentrum / James-F .- Byrnes-Institut e. V

* James " Father Jimmy " Tompkins, Roman Catholic priest, helped found the Co-operative Antigonish Movement at St. Francis Xavier University

At Harvard, he began lifelong friendships with Francis Ellingwood Abbot, Chauncey Wright, and William James.

As first discovered by James D. Watson and Francis Crick, the structure of DNA of all species comprises two helical chains each coiled round the same axis, and each with a pitch of 34 ångströms ( 3. 4 nanometres ) and a radius of 10 ångströms ( 1. 0 nanometres ).

* TIB = The Interpreter ’ s Bible, The Holy Scriptures in the King James and Revised Standard versions with general articles and introduction, exegesis, exposition for each book of the Bible in twelve volumes, George Arthur Buttrick, Commentary Editor, Walter Russell Bowie, Associate Editor of Exposition, Paul Scherer, Associate Editor of Exposition, John Knox Associate Editor of New Testament Introduction and Exegesis, Samuel Terrien, Associate Editor of Old Testament Introduction and Exegesis, Nolan B. Harmon Editor, Abingdon Press, copyright 1955 by Pierce and Washabaugh, set up printed, and bound by the Parthenon Press, at Nashville, Tennessee, Volume XI, Philippians, Colossians and Exegesis by Francis W. Beare, Exposition by G. Preston MacLeod, Thessalonians, Pastoral Epistles First and Second Epistles to Timothy, and the Epistle to Titus, Philemon, Hebrews

One prominent such effort was the collection by Francis James Child in the late 19th century of the texts of over three hundred ballads in the English and Scots traditions ( called the Child Ballads ) most of which predated the sixteenth century.

* The life and letters of St. Francis Xavier Francis Xavier, Saint, 1506-1552 Coleridge, Henry James, 1822-1893 London: Burns and Oates, ( 1872 )

Gathering on Sanssouci in the Marble Hall, with Voltaire, Casanova, d ' Argens, La Mettrie, James Francis Edward Keith | James Keith, George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal | George Keith, Friedrich Rudolf von Rothenburg, Christoph Ludwig von Stille, Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz and Algarotti.

* 1953 – James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of DNA ; the formal announcement takes place on April 25 following publication in April's Nature ( pub.

Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM, FRS ( 8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004 ) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 together with James D. Watson.

) Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of King's College were personal friends, which influenced subsequent scientific events as much as the close friendship between Crick and James Watson.

Serious efforts to understand how proteins are encoded began after the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick, who used the experimental evidence of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin ( among others ).

The assessment of intelligence was initiated by Francis Galton and James McKeen Cattell.

The crisis facing the king came to a head in 1688, with the birth of the King's son, James Francis Edward Stuart, on 10 June ( Julian calendar ).

Rather than return to her Roman Catholic brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the English Parliament decided that Sophia of Hanover and her descendants should succeed ( Act of Settlement 1701 ).

Rather than risk the possible return of James Francis Edward Stuart, then living in France, the English parliament pressed for full union of the two countries.

In 1708 James Francis Edward Stuart, who became known as " The Old Pretender ," attempted an invasion with a French fleet, but the Royal Navy prevented any from landing.

Confirmation and clarity came a year later in 1953, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick correctly hypothesized, in their journal article " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid ", the double helix structure of DNA, and suggested the copying mechanism by which DNA functions as hereditary material.

* James Aloysius Hickey, Cardinal Archbishop of Washington, DC

* James Augustine Aloysius Joyce, ( 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941 ) novelist and poet

James Aloysius Farley ( May 30, 1888 – June 9, 1976 ) was one of the first Irish Catholic politicians in American history to achieve success on a national level, serving as Chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee and as Postmaster General simultaneously under the first two administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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* James Aloysius Griffin, Bishop of Springfield in Illinois

Joe had six siblings Bridget ( born 1867 ), John Aloysius ( born 1869 ), James ( born 1872 ), Mary Therese ( born 1874 ), Michael Lawrence ( 1877 ), and Edward ( born 1883 ).

Wynn was born in New York City as Francis Xavier Aloysius James Jeremiah Keenan Wynn, the son of vaudeville comedian Ed Wynn and wife, the former Hilda Keenan.

James Aloysius Hickey ( October 11, 1920 – October 24, 2004 ) was an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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# REDIRECT James Aloysius Hickey

James Aloysius Cullen, born the 23 October 1841 at New Ross ( Ireland ) and dead the 6 December 1921 at Dublin, was an Irish Jesuit priest.

During a meeting with a younger nun, Sister James, it becomes clear that Aloysius harbors a deep mistrust toward her students, her fellow clergymen, and society in general.

Naïve and impressionable, James is easily upset by Aloysius ’ severe manner and harsh criticism.

Aloysius and Father Flynn are put into direct conflict when she learns from Sister James that the priest met one-on-one with Donald Muller, St. Nicholas ’ first African-American student.

In a private meeting purportedly regarding the Christmas pageant, Aloysius, in the presence of Sister James, openly confronts Flynn with her suspicions.

Learning this, Aloysius reveals to Sister James that the decisive phone call was a fabrication.

The four original cast members were Cherry Jones as Sister Aloysius, Brían F. O ' Byrne as Father Flynn, Heather Goldenhersh as Sister James, and Adriane Lenox as Mrs. Muller.

Doubt ran at the Auckland Theater Company in New Zealand, from 16 March to 8 April 2006, directed by Colin McColl, with Latham Gaines as Father Flynn, Elizabeth Hawthorne as Sister Aloysius, Kate Prior as Sister James and Goretti Chadwick as Mrs Muller.

Directed by Nicolas Kent, it starred Dearbhla Molloy as Sister Aloysius, Nikki Amuka-Bird as Mrs Muller, Padraic Delaney as Father Flynn and Marcella Plunkett as Sister James.