The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

Jefferson's successor, President James Madison, immediately appointed Smith as Secretary of State, an office which he held from March 6, 1809 until his forced resignation on April 1, 1811.

In 1786, the legislature, recognizing Blair's prestige as a jurist, appointed him Thomas Jefferson's successor on a committee revising the laws of Virginia.

Jefferson's successor, President James Madison, and the Republican-controlled Congress, continued Jefferson's policies.

He served in this post until 1814 when Jefferson's successor, James Madison, replaced him.

Hamilton Pierson, Jefferson at Monticello: The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson, New York: Charles Scribner, 1862, digital text of book drawn from reminiscences of Edmund Bacon, Jefferson's overseer, University of Michigan

The abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison criticized Jefferson's inaction at the time, as have the Jefferson historians Merrill Peterson, Gary Nash and Edmund S. Morgan since the late twentieth century.

In these cases, the position has been filled by a female relative or friend of the president, such as Martha Jefferson Randolph during Jefferson's presidency, Emily Donelson and Sarah Yorke Jackson during Jackson's, Mary Elizabeth ( Taylor ) Bliss during Taylor's, Mary Harrison McKee during Harrison's presidency, upon her mother's death, and Harriet Lane during Buchanan's.

Randolph had been President Jefferson's political opponent in the House.

Randolph attempted to block Madison's nomination by running James Monroe ; thus gaining the support of Federalists, since Madison was considered Jefferson's staunch political ally.

John Randolph of Roanoke led the Quid effort to stop Jefferson's choice of James Madison.

Jefferson's son-in-law, Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr. was a lineal descendant of Pocahontas.

During the last hours of Jefferson's life he was accompanied by his grandson Thomas Jefferson Randolph and his doctor, Robley Dunglison and other family members and friends.

Jefferson's son-in-law, former Virginia Governor Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., said in 1826 that Jefferson had a " strong repugnance " to Henry Clay.

Thomas Jefferson Randolph soon collected and published Jefferson's correspondence.

After Jefferson's death, his daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph sold the property.

In 1824, a ketchup recipe using tomatoes appeared in The Virginia Housewife ( an influential 19th-century cookbook written by Mary Randolph, Thomas Jefferson's cousin ).

" Jefferson's grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, described her as " light colored and decidedly good looking.

Jefferson's married daughter Martha Randolph, who was Hemings ' niece, withheld her from the auction and freed her by giving her " time " after Jefferson's death.

The TJHS report suggested that Jefferson's younger brother Randolph Jefferson could have been the father, and that Hemings may have had multiple partners.

Juliette was educated in several prominent boarding schools, including the Virginia Female Institute ( now Stuart Hall School ); Edgehill School run by Thomas Jefferson's granddaughters, the Misses Randolph ; Miss Emmett's School in Morristown, New Jersey ; and Mesdemoiselles Charbonniers, a French finishing school in New York City.

Thomas Jefferson's daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph, is acknowledged by Randolph Hall.

He was the grand nephew of both Richard Bland and Peyton Randolph, the two pillars of the First Continental Congress, the nephew of Congressman Theodorick Bland and step-nephew of Thomas Tudor Tucker, a half brother of Henry St. George Tucker, Sr. and Nathaniel Beverley Tucker, and a cousin of Thomas Jefferson as Jefferson's mother was the daughter of Isham Randolph.

Isham Randolph of Dungeness, one of Thomas Jefferson's grandfathers and son of William Randolph, was married in St. Paul's church.

He was President Thomas Jefferson's youngest grandson by his daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph.

At the age of 57, he married Anne Cary (" Nancy ") Randolph, who was the sister of Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr., husband of Thomas Jefferson's daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph.

They thought of themselves, to use Jefferson's words, as `` the Argonauts '' who had lived in `` the Heroic Age ''.

The 1799 Resolutions used the term " nullification ", which had been deleted from Jefferson's draft of the 1798 Resolutions, resolving: " That the several states who formed Constitution, being sovereign and independent, have the unquestionable right to judge of its infraction ; and, That a nullification, by those sovereignties, of all unauthorized acts done under color of that instrument, is the rightful remedy.

A significant portion of Jefferson's library was also bequeathed to him in the will of George Wythe, who had an extensive collection.

Jefferson's tenure in France was uneventful, partly because he found it difficult to fill the shoes of his predecessor Benjamin Franklin, who at the time was one of the most famous people in the world.

At Jefferson's request, Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, a French nobleman who had close ties with both Jefferson and Napoleon, also helped negotiate the purchase with France.

Congress removed Jefferson's assertion that Britain had forced slavery on the colonies, in order to moderate the document and appease persons in Britain who supported the Revolution.

Madison followed Jefferson's example, although unlike Jefferson, who rode on horseback to church in the Capitol, Madison came in a coach and four.

While some historians credit Thomas Jefferson's influence, it is Madison who often now receives greater foundational credit as the father of the Constitution despite his repeated rejection of the honor during his lifetime.

Among Jefferson's other designs are Poplar Forest, his private retreat near Lynchburg, which he intended for his daughter Maria, who died at age 25 ; the University of Virginia, and the Virginia State Capitol in Richmond.

These slave cabins were occupied by the slaves who worked in the mansion or in Jefferson's manufacturing ventures, and not by those who labored in the fields.

Jefferson achieved electoral victory on the 36th ballot, but only after Federalist Party leader Alexander Hamilton — who disfavored Burr's personal character more than Jefferson's policies — had made known his preference for Jefferson.

Ames became concerned by the rising popularity of Jefferson's Republicans, who advocated the United States adopt Republican type representative government along the lines of post Revolution government in France.

Adams forwarded Jefferson's letter to the editor of the Massachusetts newspaper, who wrote an article expressing reservations about the Mecklenburg Declaration without mentioning Jefferson or Adams by name.

After serving as President Thomas Jefferson's spokesman in the House, he broke with Jefferson in 1803 and became the leader of the " Old Republican " or " Quids ", an extreme states ' rights vanguard of the Democratic-Republican Party who wanted to restrict the role of the federal government.

According to those scholars who saw the root of Jefferson's thought in Locke's doctrine, Jefferson replaced " estate " with " the pursuit of happiness ," although this does not mean that Jefferson meant the " pursuit of happiness " to refer primarily or exclusively to property.

Small introduced him to members of Virginia society who were to have an important role in Jefferson's life, including George Wythe a leading jurist in the colonies and Francis Fauquier, the Governor of Virginia.

" The book was allegedly read by Robert Bellarmine, Algernon Sydney and Thomas Jefferson ( who had it in his library ), but there is no evidence of a direct link with Jefferson's Declaration of Independence.

Historian Lance Banning wrote, “ The legislators of Kentucky ( or more likely, John Breckinridge, the Kentucky legislator who sponsored the resolution ) deleted Jefferson's suggestion that the rightful remedy for federal usurpations was a " nullification " of such acts by each state acting on its own to prevent their operation within its respective borders.

Jefferson's fear was that unlimited expansion of commerce and industry would lead to the growth of a class of wage laborers who relied on others for income and sustenance.

Jefferson's belief was that unlimited expansion of commerce and industry would lead to the growth of a class of wage laborers who relied on others for income and sustenance.

Lincoln was likely speaking of Rufus Choate, a senator from Massachusetts who sided with the Democratic Party in the period leading to the American Civil War, and dismissed those who argued that slavery contradicted Jefferson's statement of natural rights in the United States Declaration of Independence.