These papal bulls came to serve as a justification for the subsequent era of slave trade and European colonialism.

These workers were initially paid, but as Nazi fortunes declined they were kept as slave workers.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

These older styles of slave clocks either keep time by themselves, and are corrected by the master clock, or require impulses from the master clock to advance.

These slave labor groups were forced to bury the victims ' bodies in mass graves.

These goods and / or slave traders from the Middle East ( Shirazi Persians, Omanites Arabs, Arabized Jews accompanied with East-Africans Bantus ), and from Asia ( Gujarat Indians, Malays, Javanese, Bugis ) were sometimes integrated within the coastal Vezos and the inner Vazimbas clans

These five helped Cadmus to found the city of Thebes, but Cadmus was forced to be a slave to Ares for one year to atone for killing the dragon.

These included the prohibition of selling or purchasing any article or commodity from or to a slave without written permission from their master or overseer, no slave was allowed to purchase alcohol without written consent, if any slave were convicted of assault upon " any white man, negro, or mulatto " the owner would be fined $ 50, any slave caught running " any horse, gelding, or mule " through town would be subject to fifteen lashes unless the owner pays a fine of $ 1, any slave caught driving any wagon or cart or driving a horse or mule on or across the sidewalks of the town would be subject to 10 lashes, unless the owner pays a fine of 50 cents.

These Changelings genetically engineered a series of ' slave races ' to act as the footsoldiers of their new empire, and were dubbed the Founders by their new creations.

These efforts were supported by the continuation of the slave narrative autobiography, of which the best known examples from this period include Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.

These were fairly authentic religious slave songs borrowed from traveling black singing groups.

These states now refused Lincoln's call to send forces against their neighbor slave states, promptly declared their secession from the United States and joined the Confederate States.

These radical platforms in such states as Wisconsin, Michigan, Maine, and Vermont usually called for the divorce of the government from slavery, the repeal of the Fugitive Slave Laws, and no more slave states, as did platforms in Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Massachusetts when radical influence was high.

These factors made sharecroppers dependent on the plantation owners in a way that perpetuated some of the aspects of slavery, and in the late 19th century maintained a stable, low-cost work force that replaced slave labor ; it was the bottom rung in the Southern tenancy ladder.

These fraternities, organized along ethnic lines to allow preaching in the slaves ' native languages, provided a legitimate cover for slave reunions, and ultimately may have aided the establishment of Candomblé.

These interests were mostly slave related.

There he began another plantation and called it “ Poplar Hall .” These plantations were large, profitable agricultural enterprises worked by slave labor, until 1777 when John Dickinson freed the enslaved of Poplar Hall.

These cities were major commercial centres for the slave trade.

These Indians defended their freedom, families and lands against the Spanish conquerors who wanted to hunt and sell them to the encomenderos ( persons who need slave for cultivating their farms ).

These were the Laconophiles who yearned for the good old times when there was none of this " equality " nonsense, and you could beat your neighbor's slave in the street ( see Ps .- Xenophon: Constitution of Athens ).

These bodies were thrown into the native cabins, and the cabins burned.

These contained staff accommodations, a kitchen, overnight staff sleeping cabins and a demonstration salon and bar.

These schools often use actual airline equipment for their lessons, though some are equipped with full simulator cabins capable of replicating a number of emergency situations.

These traditional 1 room cabins are: MacIntosh #' s 1, 3, 5, 20 ( 2 rooms ), 22, 26: Anderson #' s 2, 5, 6, 8 through 14 and 17: Beehunter #' s 6, 7, 31, 32 ( 2 rooms ), 33, 34.

These are the cabins on Sugarbush and Congdon Trails.

These cabins are: Weller #' s 13, 15, and 22: Pinetree #' s 1 through 4: Ranger # 4: Ward # 6: Brow #' s 3, 7 and 11: Gypsy #' s 6, 12, 13, 16, and 19: Circle # 2: Indian # 5: McCabe # 1 ( 4 room ): All Francher Cottages ( 3 rooms and a private bath ); Parallel #' s 1 and 2 ( full service cottages ); Buffalo 13: Creekside #' s 9, 15, and 16: Kaiser # 11 ( 3 room ) and 12 ( 4 rooms ).

These stones are found below the corners of many 18th-century cabins as they are restored.

These cabins are mass manufactured, traditionally in Scandinavian countries and increasingly in eastern Europe.

These roofs typify many log cabins built in the 20th century, having full-cut 2 × 4 rafters covered with pine and cedar shingles.

These scenes included all of the interior dancing scenes, Baby carrying the watermelon and practicing on those signature stairs, Johnny's cabin and the staff cabins, the golf scene where Baby asks her father for $ 250, and the world-renowned " lift.

These were once two out of seven built motels, with individual cabins shaped like teepees.

These cabins or stilt-houses have always been called " pelades ".

These were the ones Keith sought out -- the loners, the ones who killed for the joy of it, like himself.

These were the last words he ever uttered.

These two were going to be easy pickins.

These performances were being staged at historical monuments throughout Europe.

These were Oneida Indians.

These conceptions and the manner in which they were transposed into poetry or engendered by poetic form are intrinsic to western life from the time of Aeschylus to that of Shakespeare.

These basic ideas concerning the nature of religion were, Adams believed, some of the major keys to the understanding of history and the movement of society.

These were his public academic activities, domi forisque, in the college and in the university.

These early experiments were evidently not altogether satisfying to Patchen.

These people were not talking much about it, but you, a foreigner, sensed their apprehension and disappointment.

These public efforts were rare because Mr. Rayburn normally did his counseling, persuading and educating long before an issue reached its test on the House floor.

These microfossils indicate the swamp was `` formed during the Lower Cretaceous period when dinosaurs were at their heyday and when the first flowering plants were just appearing.

These were heroes nine feet tall to him ''.

These little songs, however, were sweet nothings from the heart, tender memories of his childhood, little melodies that anyone could hum and that would make one want to weep.

These were the ships of His Majesty's Navy, herding the hulks of the East Indies merchants and the yachts and ketches of the loyalists.

These trumps were more touching than they were anything else, and seemed to imply that the nights were long, her children ungrateful, and her marriage bewilderingly threadbare.

These were selected carefully and included not only detailed clinical information but adequate pathology of value for research and educational purposes.

These amendments to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act were designed to help provide for more specialized rehabilitation facilities, for more sheltered and `` half-way '' workshops, for greater numbers of adequately trained personnel, for more comprehensive services to individuals ( particularly to the homebound and the blind ), and for other administrative improvements to increase the program's overall effectiveness.

These plans, like Du Pont's, contained provisions for passing the vote on Du Pont's General Motors shares on to the ultimate stockholders of Du Pont, Christiana, and Delaware, except that officers and directors of the three companies, their spouses, and other people living in their households, as well as other specified persons, were to be totally disenfranchised.

These curves were derived by an analysis of extensive skywave measurement data.

These were educated men, who, as Mr. Justice Holmes was fond of saying, formed their inductions out of experience under the burden of responsibility.

These boys acknowledged an introduction to anybody by gently pressing one of his hands in both of theirs, while they gazed, misty-eyed with care, into the eyes of the person they were meeting.