Lord John Russell, the Whig leader who had succeeded Peel as Prime Minister and like Rothschild a member for the City of London, introduced a Jewish Disabilities Bill to amend the oath and permit Jews to enter Parliament.

Ezra is written to fit a schematic pattern in which the God of Israel inspires a king of Persia to commission a leader from the Jewish community to carry out a mission ; three successive leaders carry out three such missions, the first rebuilding the Temple, the second purifying the Jewish community, and the third sealing of the holy city itself behind a wall.

The Balfour Declaration ( dated 2 November 1917 ) was a letter from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Baron Rothschild ( Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild ), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.

Heinrich Himmler was the chief architect of the plan, and the German Nazi leader Adolf Hitler termed it " the final solution of the Jewish question " ().

The events were described by the Jewish leader / historian Josephus, including the desperate defence of Jotapata, the siege of Jerusalem ( 69 – 70 CE ) and heroic last stand at Masada under Eleazar ben Yair ( 72 – 73 CE ).

From 132 to 136, the Jewish leader Simon Bar Kokhba led another major revolt against the Romans, again renaming the country " Israel " ( see Bar Kochba Revolt coinage ).

Chaim Weizmann was the leader of both the Zionist Organisation and the Jewish Agency until 1929.

20 years later, the Jewish Agency leader, David Ben-Gurion wrote: " Had partition to the Peel Commission partition plan been carried out, the history of our people would have been different and six million Jews in Europe would not have been killed — most of them would be in Israel.

The traditional accounts of his biography describe the beginnings of his life as a public teacher and leader of the Jewish people from his 36th birthday.

* 1919 – At the Paris Peace Conference, Emir Faisal of Iraq signs an agreement with Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann on the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East.

He was a key leader of the Jewish community during the Roman occupation of Judea.

The Talmud suggests that this was a result of Divine Providence: God had granted the Jewish people another leader of great stature to succeed Rabbi Akiva.

The Jewish Messiah refers to a human leader, physically descended from the Davidic line, who will rule and unite the people of Israel and will usher in the Messianic Age of global and universal peace.

In the Talmudic era the title mashiach or מלך המשיח, ( in the Tiberian vocalization pronounced ), literally meaning " the anointed King ", is referred to the human Jewish leader and king who will redeem Israel in the end of days and who will usher in a messianic era of peace and prosperity for both the living and the deceased.

* Judah the Prince, chief redactor of the Krishnah and second-century Jewish leader

He fought the Romans in the First Jewish-Roman War of 66 – 73 as a Jewish military leader in Galilee.

In later Jewish messianic tradition and eschatology, a messiah is a leader anointed by God, and in some cases, a future King of Israel, physically descended from the Davidic line, who will rule the united tribes of Israel and herald the Messianic Age of global peace.

( Some Jewish texts also refer to a " Messiah ben Joseph " or " Messiah ben Ephraim ", a military leader descended from the biblical Ephraim, who will successfully lead the army of Israel in many battles before being killed by Armilus, when Israel is defeated by Gog and Magog.

He was a leader in creating the Jewish community center concept, and helped found the Society for the Advancement of Judaism.

Before independence, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah.

According to Rabbi Shammai Engelmayer, spiritual leader of Temple Israel Community Center in Cliffside Park and former executive editor of Jewish Week, this leaves “ Orthodox ” as “ an umbrella term that designates a very widely disparate group of people very loosely tied together by some core beliefs .”

Although Ismar Ehrlich was the leader of the local Jewish community, he nevertheless gave his son the Christian name “ Paul ”.

David Ben-Gurion, leader of Mapai and head of the Jewish Agency became Israel's first Prime Minister.

Simon bar Kokhba () ( died A. D. 135 ) was the Jewish leader of what is known as the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi (" Ruler ").

Nehemiah sees that the Jewish nobles are oppressing the poor, and forces the cancellation of all debt and mortgages ; while previous governors have been corrupt and oppressive, he has been righteous and just.

Sanballat accuses Nehemiah of planning rebellion against Artaxerxes, and he is opposed even by Jewish nobles and prophets, but the wall is completed.

The combined book Ezra-Nehemiah of the earliest Christian and Jewish period was known as Ezra and was probably attributed to him ; according to a rabbinic tradition, however, Nehemiah was the real author but was forbidden to claim authorship because of his bad habit of disparaging others.

Some years later Artaxerxes sent Nehemiah, a Jewish noble in his personal service, to Jerusalem as governor with the task of rebuilding the city walls.

The early 2nd century BCE Jewish author Ben Sira praises Nehemiah, but makes no mention of Ezra.

The careers of Ezra and Nehemiah in the 5th century BCE were thus a kind of religious colonisation in reverse, an attempt by one of the many Jewish factions in Babylon to create a self-segregated, ritually pure society inspired by the prophesies of Ezekiel and his followers.

The editors of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia implied that he prophesied after Haggai and Zechariah (;, ) and speculated that he delivered his prophecies about 420 BC, after the second return of Nehemiah from Persia ( Book of Nehemiah ), or possibly before his return, comparing with ; with ).

Regular public reading of the Torah was introduced by Ezra the Scribe after the return of the Jewish people from the Babylonian captivity ( c. 537 BCE ), as described in the Book of Nehemiah.

Rabin was born in Jerusalem on 1 March 1922, British Mandate of Palestine to Nehemiah and Rosa ( née Cohen ), two immigrants of the Third Aliyah, the third wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe.

In 1917, Nehemiah went to the British Mandate of Palestine with a group of volunteers from the Jewish Legion.

** Nehemiah, prominent Jewish leader and governor of Judea ( then part of the Achaemenid empire )

Nehemiah related to him the plight of the Jewish people and that the city of Jerusalem was undefended.

The problem in Ezra and Nehemiah occurred because Jewish men married women from the various nations without their first converting to Judaism.

* Nehemiah, the Jewish cup-bearer to Artaxerxes I at Susa, is given permission by Artaxerxes to return to Jerusalem as governor of Judea, in order to rebuild parts of it ( Nehemiah 2: 5 – 8 ).

Due to doubts concerning the status of persons claiming to be Kohanim or Levi ' im arising after severe Roman / Christian persecutions and exile, the Hebrew Bible tithe of 10 % for the Levites, and " tithe of the tithe " ( Nehemiah 10: 38 ) of 10 % of 10 % ( 1 %) for the priests are dealt with in accordance with Jewish Law.

Then the heavens and the earth were “ recovered ” in 6 days beginning with “ God moved upon the face of the waters .” Similarly the Jewish temple was built by Solomon and then destroyed and subsequently “ recovered ” when the Jewish remnant returned from Babylon to Jerusalem as recorded in Ezra and Nehemiah.

* 617: Jewish governor Nehemiah ben Hushiel is killed by a mob of Christian citizens, three years after he is appointed.

Descendants of Keriath-Jearim were among the Jewish exiles who returned to Judea with Zerubbabel ( see Nehemiah 7: 29 ).

22: 30 ) This curse is considered by some Jewish commentators as the reason that Zerubbabel, the rightful Solomonic king during the time of Nehemiah, was not given a kingship under the Persian empire.

His parents were prosperous Jewish merchants and keen social musicians ; his mother played piano and his father ( who was closely related to the Talmudic scholar Nehemiah Brüll ) sang baritone.