Thus, the actual name that Chiang received at birth was Jiang Ruiyuan ().

For the next fifteen years or so, Chiang was known as Jiang Zhiqing ( Wade-Giles: Chiang Chi-ching ).

In 1912, when Jiang Zhiqing was in Japan, he started to use the name Chiang Kai-shek ( Chinese: 蔣介石 ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang Chieh-shih ) as a pen name for the articles that he published in a Chinese magazine he founded ( Voice of the Army ( Chinese: 軍聲 ).

Since Jiang Zemin became the national party chief in June 1989, all but one former Shanghai party chief was elevated to the Politburo Standing Committee, the de facto highest decision-making body in China, including Jiang Zemin ( General secretary and President ), Zhu Rongji ( Premier ), Wu Bangguo ( Chairman of the National People's Congress ), Huang Ju ( Vice Premier ), and Xi Jinping ( Vice President ).

When Empress Dowager Deng died, Emperor An ( r. 106 – 125 CE ) was convinced by the accusations of the eunuchs Li Run ( 李閏 ) and Jiang Jing ( 江京 ) that Deng and her family had planned to depose him.

For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) hierarchy behind then Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin.

On April 6, 1967, Liu Shaoqi was openly and widely denounced by a Zhongnanhai faction whose members included Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng, and ultimately, Mao himself.

This was followed by a protest and mass demonstrations, most notably in Wuhan on July 20, where Jiang openly denounced any " counter-revolutionary activity "; she later personally flew to Wuhan to criticize Chen Zaidao, the general in charge of the Wuhan area.

Furthermore, despite Mao's efforts to put on a show of unity at the Congress, the factional divide between Lin Biao's PLA camp and the Jiang Qing-led radical camp was intensifying.

With Mao's health on the decline, it was clear that Jiang Qing had political ambitions of her own.

But it diluted blame on Mao himself by asserting that the movement was " manipulated by the counterrevolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing ", who caused its worst excesses.

The group was led by Jiang Qing, and consisted of three of her close associates, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.

During the trial, Jiang Qing in particular was extremely defiant, protesting loudly and bursting into tears at some points.

President Jiang Zemin was alerted to the demonstration by Politburo member Luo Gan, and was reportedly angered by the audacity of the demonstration — the largest since the Tiananmen Square protests ten years earlier, and called for resolute action to suppress the group.

That Falun Gong, whose belief system represented a revival of traditional Chinese religion, was being practiced by a large number of Communist Party members and members of the military was seen as particularly disturbing to Jiang Zemin.

Jiang Qing ( March 19, 1914May 14, 1991 ) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong's last wife and major Communist Party of China power figure.

Jiang Qing was most well known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution ( 1966 – 76 ) and for forming the radical political alliance known as the " Gang of Four ".

Jiang Qing served as Mao's personal secretary in the 1940s and was head of the Film Section of the CPC Propaganda Department in the 1950s.

However, Jiang Qing's political success was limited.

Since then, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao have been branded by official historical documents in China as the " Lin Biao and Jiang Qing Counter-revolutionary Cliques " ( 林彪江青反革命集团 / 林彪江青反革命集團 ), to which most of the blame for the damage and devastation caused by the Cultural Revolution was assigned.

Also while in Yan ' an, Mao divorced He Zizhen and married the actress Lan Ping, who would become known as Jiang Qing.

On November 28, 1938, Jiang and Mao married in a small private ceremony following approval by the Party's Central Committee.

At a mass rally in Beijing, Jiang directed a " struggle session " against a woman, Fan Jin, who had married Jiang's second husband after Jiang separated from him in 1931.

Jiang married Wang Yeping (, born 1928 ), a native of Yangzhou, China.

The leader of the clique, Jiang Qing, was married to Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong.

Qian Xuesen married Jiang Ying ( 蒋英 ), a famed opera singer and the daughter of Jiang Baili ( 蒋百里 ) and his wife, Japanese nurse Satô Yato.

In Yan ’ an, Jiang became the lover of Mao Zedong, who later married her.

* Sister: Xuan Jiang, Duchess of Wey 宣姜, married Duke Xuan of Wey

* Sister: Wen Jiang, Duchess of Lu, married Duke Huan of Lu

With Song Jiang and the other chieftains as matchmakers, Hu Sanniang is married to Wang Ying to fulfill Song Jiang's earlier promise to find Wang a bride.

At that time, however, he was also married to Empress Guo Shengtong, the niece of the regional warlord Liu Yang ( 劉楊 ), the Prince of Zhending, and Guo had given birth to a son, Liu Jiang ( 劉疆 ).

Bardot wrote a 1999 letter to Chinese President Jiang Zemin, published in French magazine VSD, in which she accused the Chinese of " torturing bears and killing the world's last tigers and rhinos to make aphrodisiacs ".

Fifteen kilometres behind Mufu the commands of Jiang Zonghan ( 蔣宗漢 ) and Fang Yusheng ( 方友升 ), also 7, 000 strong, were deployed around the village of Pingxiang ( known to the French from its Vietnamese pronunciation as Binh Thuong ).

Jiang Qing returned to Shanghai in March 1935, and became a professional actress, adopting the stage name " Lán Píng " ( meaning " Blue Apple ", Chinese: 蓝苹 ).

He appointed his wife Jiang Qing ( an actress by trade ) as Minister of Culture and put her to work purging art and literature of feudal and bourgeoisie themes.

In addition, conflicts have arisen in the relations of the central Party leaders with the few provincial-level Municipalities, most notably the municipal government of Shanghai and the rivalry between former Beijing mayor Chen Xitong and Jiang Zemin.

* In 919, the first use of gunpowder in battle occurred with the Chinese Battle of Lang-shan Jiang ( Wolf Mountain River ), where the naval fleet of the Wen-Mu-King defeated Chien Yuan Kuan because Wen had used ' fire oil ' ( huo yóu, 火油 ) of gunpowder-fuse ignited flamethrowers to burn Chien's fleet.

In February, Jiang Qing and Lin Biao, with support from Mao, insisted that the " class struggles " be extended to the military.

The prominent Maoists, Zhang Chunqiao and Jiang Qing were sentenced to death with two-year-reprieve while some others were sentenced to life imprisonment or imprisonment over 15 years.

Other students did not view Jiang well due to her family background, and she and her mother moved in with her maternal grandparents when she went to attend middle school.

In February 1933, Jiang took the oath of the Chinese Communist Party with Yu at her side, and she was appointed member of the Chinese Communist Party youth wing.

Shortly thereafter, Mao and Jiang became acquainted, and Zhou Enlai discovered Mao having an affair in the wilderness with Jiang.

Eventually, Mao arranged a compromise with the other leaders of the CCP: Mao was granted a divorce and permitted to marry Jiang, but she was required to stay out of public politics for thirty years.

Because Mao's marriage to He had not yet ended, Jiang was reportedly made to sign a marital contract which stipulated that she would not appear in public with Mao as her escort.

Jiang Qing also directed operas and ballets with communist and revolutionary content as part of an effort to transform China's culture.

Jiang Qing first collaborated with then second-in-charge Lin Biao, but after Lin Biao's death in 1971, she turned against him publicly in the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Campaign.

Jiang Qing's hobbies included photography, playing cards, and watching foreign movies, especially Gone with the Wind.

Jiang's rivalry with, and personal dislike of, Zhou Enlai led Jiang to hurt Zhou where he was most vulnerable.

Jiang forced her own daughter with Mao to divorce her husband because her husband was only a farmer, causing Jiang's daughter to go insane.

Eventually, Mao was revived and Hua Guofeng urged Jiang Qing not to interfere further with the doctor's work.

Jiang Qing was not accused of conspiring with Lin Biao, or with other members of the Gang of Four who allegedly planned an armed rebellion to " usurp power " in 1976, when Mao was close to death.

While in prison, Jiang Qing was diagnosed with throat cancer, but she refused an operation.

Mao's wife Jiang Qing, meanwhile, had formed an informal radical political alliance with Shanghai revolution organizer Wang Hongwen, who seems to have gained Mao's favour as a possible successor, as well as Shanghai Revolutionary Committee Chairman Zhang Chunqiao and propaganda writer Yao Wenyuan, all of whom were elevated to the Politburo by the 10th Congress.

Lin Jiang Huai, the head of China's " Information Security Technology " office ( which is in charge of the project ), credits the surveillance systems in the United States and the U. K. as the inspiration for what he is doing with the Golden Shield project.

At one time CPC General secretary and PRC president Jiang Zemin claimed Sun Yat-sen had a " New Three Principles of the People " ( 新三民主義 ) which consisted of " working with the soviets, working with the communists and helping the farmers " ( 聯俄, 聯共, 扶助工農 ).

With the waning influence of Deng Xiaoping and the other members of Eight Elders due to old age, and with the help of old and powerful party and state leaders, former President Li Xiannian and Chen Yun, Jiang effectively became the " Paramount Leader " in the 1990s.

In an incident with the World Economic Herald, Jiang closed down the newspaper, deeming it harmful.