At the same time, the Romantic reaction to the Enlightenment produced thinkers, such as Johann Gottfried Herder and later Wilhelm Dilthey, whose work formed the basis for the " culture concept ," which is central to the discipline.

* 1744 – Johann Gottfried Herder, German writer ( d. 1803 )

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

According to Johann Gottfried Walther, writing in 1732, the reason for the name is that " it sounded from far off not unlike a trumpet ".

In 1691 Gottfried Leibniz, Christiaan Huygens, and Johann Bernoulli derived the equation in response to a challenge by Jakob Bernoulli.

Sapir's 1905 Master's thesis was an analysis of Johann Gottfried Herder's Treatise on the Origin of Language, and included examples from Inuit and Native American languages, not at all familiar to a Germanicist.

The legend of Der Erlkönig appears to have originated in fairly recent times in Denmark and Goethe based his poem on " Erlkönigs Tochter " (" Erlkönig's Daughter "), a Danish work translated into German by Johann Gottfried Herder.

" The term is further derived from the German expression Volk, in the sense of " the people as a whole " as applied to popular and national music by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics over half a century earlier.

* 1724 – Gottfried Heinrich Bach, German son of Johann Sebastian Bach ( d. 1763 )

Weimar ’ s Courtyard of the Muses, a tribute to The Enlightenment and the Weimar Classicism depicting German poets Friedrich Schiller | Schiller, Christoph Martin Wieland | Wieland, Johann Gottfried Herder | Herder and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Goethe.

Other books found in the Harmony Society's library in Economy, include those by the following authors: Christoph Schütz, Gottfried Arnold, Justinus Kerner, Thomas Bromley, Jane Leade, Johann Scheible ( Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses ), Paracelsus, and Georg von Welling, among others.

* 1750 – Johann Gottfried Vierling, German organist and composer ( d. 1813 )

* 1728 – Johann Gottfried Müthel, German composer and noted keyboard virtuoso ( d. 1788 )

He is known as a student of Johann Gottfried Walther and Johann Sebastian Bach.

He wrote numerous histories under the pseudonyms of Abeleus, Philipp Arlanibäus, Johann Ludwig Gottfried and Gotofredus.

Under the influence of Johann Gottfried Herder, he was for 13 years headmaster at the gymnasium and consistorial councilor in Weimar, from 1790 to 1804.

Some notable mathematicians include Archimedes of Syracuse, Leonhard Euler, Carl Gauss, Johann Bernoulli, Jacob Bernoulli, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Nilakantha Somayaji, Omar Khayyám, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Andrey Kolmogorov, Euclid of Alexandria, Jules Henri Poincaré, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Alexander Grothendieck, David Hilbert, Alan Turing, von Neumann, Kurt Gödel, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Georg Cantor, William Rowan Hamilton, Carl Jacobi, Évariste Galois, Nikolay Lobachevsky, Rene Descartes, Joseph Fourier, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Alonzo Church, Nikolay Bogolyubov and Pierre de Fermat.

* 1715 – Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, German child of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach ( d. 1739 )

The term nationalism was coined by Johann Gottfried Herder ( nationalismus ) during the late 1770s.

* 1752 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian ( d. 1827 )

Goethe's associate Johann Gottfried Herder wrote an essay titled Extract from a correspondence about Ossian and the Songs of Ancient Peoples ( 1773 ) in the early days of the Sturm und Drang movement.

* 1710 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Ros &# 233 ; e, Bavarian general ( d. 1795 )

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Germany | German artist known for his works of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, visual arts, and science.

In the Battle of Abensberg on 19 – 20 April 1809, Napoleon gained a significant victory over the Austrians under Archduke Louis of Austria and General Johann von Hiller.

Alcott also wrote a series patterned after the work of German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe which were eventually published in the Transcendentalists ' journal, The Dial.

* 1749 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer and scientist ( d. 1832 )

From 1847 he was engaged in editing the Handwörterbuch der reinen und angewandten Chemie ( Dictionary of Pure and Applied Chemistry ) edited by Justus von Liebig, Wöhler, and Johann Christian Poggendorff, and he also wrote an important textbook.

), Moritz Count von Dietrichstein, Heinrich Eduard Josef Baron von Lannoy, Ignaz Franz Baron von Mosel, Carl Czerny, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Ignaz Moscheles, and the eight-year-old Franz Liszt ( although it seems Liszt was not invited personally, but his teacher Czerny arranged for him to be involved ).

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

* Two poets, Johann Peter Uz ( 1720 – 1796 ) and August von Platen-Hallermünde ( 1790 – 1835 ), were also born there.

Johann Otto von Gemmingen, Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg | Prince-Bishop of Augsburg.

Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz | Crantz's Classis cruciformium, 1769

* 1316 – 1324: Johann I von Tuchen

* 1415 – 1420: Johann von Waldow, Bishop of Lebus

Johann Pfanzagl completed the Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by providing an axiomatization of subjective probability and utility, a task left uncompleted by von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern: their original theory supposed that all the agents had the same probability distribution, as a convenience.

The witch trials of the 17th century claimed hundreds of victims in Bamberg, reaching a climax between 1626 and 1631, under the rule of Prince-Bishop Johann Georg II Fuchs von Dornheim.

In 1544, Johann von Brugge a rich Dutch Protestant refugee was given citizenship and lived respectfully until his death in 1556 then buried with honors.

" The German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote: " With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza, I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly.

Franz Schubert is also something of a transitional figure, as are Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Mauro Giuliani, Friedrich Kuhlau, Fernando Sor, Luigi Cherubini, Jan Ladislav Dussek, and Carl Maria von Weber.

He was soon appointed chief of staff of Johann von Thielmann's III Corps.

British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in 1773 and 1777 ; Cook named the islands the ' Hervey Islands ' to honour a British Lord of the Admiralty ; Half a century later the Baltic German Admiral Adam Johann von Krusenstern published the Atlas de l ' Ocean Pacifique, in which he renamed the islands the Cook Islands to honour Cook.

Fifty years later they are renamed in his honour by Russian Admiral Adam Johann von Krusenstern.

Diderot's Essais sur la peinture was described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as " a magnificent work, which speaks even more helpfully to the poet than to the painter, though to the painter too it is as a blazing torch.

** Hermann and Dorothea by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ( 1797 )