* 1719 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet ( d. 1803 )

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

The best known composers from this period are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven ; other notable names include Luigi Boccherini, Muzio Clementi, Antonio Soler, Antonio Salieri, François Joseph Gossec, Johann Stamitz, Carl Friedrich Abel, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Christoph Willibald Gluck.

The most probable derivation of the name “ Yaldabaoth ” is that given by Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler, “ Daughter of Chaos ,” from Hebrew yalda bahut, ילדא בהות.

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths ( 1759 – 1839 ) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( 1778 – 1852 ) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics.

Among the persecuted were the poet Ernst Moritz Arndt, the publisher Johann Joseph Görres and the " Father of Gymnastics " Ludwig Jahn.

Among these were Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Ignaz Moscheles, Josef Weigl ( 1766 – 1846 ), Ludwig-Wilhelm Tepper de Ferguson ( 1768after 1824 ), Antonio Casimir Cartellieri, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart.

* Johann Ludwig Krebs, son of Johann Tobias Krebs

In his lifetime, Brahms's popularity and influence were considerable ; following a comment by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Bülow, he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the " Three Bs ".

He was a master of counterpoint, the complex and highly disciplined art for which Johann Sebastian Bach is famous, and of development, a compositional ethos pioneered by Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven.

He wrote numerous histories under the pseudonyms of Abeleus, Philipp Arlanibäus, Johann Ludwig Gottfried and Gotofredus.

The first Christian mission was founded on August 25, 1846, by Dr. Johann Ludwig Krapf, a German sponsored by the Church Missionary Society of England.

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein ( 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951 ) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

* 1721 – Johann Sebastian Bach dedicated six concertos to Christian Ludwig, margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, now commonly called the Brandenburg Concertos, BWV 1046-1051.

* The head of the delegation of the Holy Roman Empire for both cities was Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff ; in Münster, his aides were Johann Ludwig von Nassau-Hadamar and Isaak Volmar ( a lawyer ); in Osnabrück, his team comprised Johann Maximilian von Lamberg and Reichshofrat Johann Krane, a lawyer.

* March 3 – Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler, German church historian ( d. 1854 )

* February 4 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer ( d. 1731 )

* February 18 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet ( b. 1719 )

* October 17 – Johann Ludwig Aberli, Swiss artist ( b. 1723 )

* March – Johann van Beethoven, German musician and father of Ludwig van Beethoven ( d. 1792 )

* May 1 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer ( b. 1677 )

* March 24 – Johann Sebastian Bach's Brandenburg concertos completed and dedicated to Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt.

Alcott also wrote a series patterned after the work of German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe which were eventually published in the Transcendentalists ' journal, The Dial.

From 1847 he was engaged in editing the Handwörterbuch der reinen und angewandten Chemie ( Dictionary of Pure and Applied Chemistry ) edited by Justus von Liebig, Wöhler, and Johann Christian Poggendorff, and he also wrote an important textbook.

* Two poets, Johann Peter Uz ( 1720 – 1796 ) and August von Platen-Hallermünde ( 1790 – 1835 ), were also born there.

Anthony ( Dresden, 27 December 1755 – Dresden, 6 June 1836 ), also known by his German name Anton ( full name: Anton Clemens Theodor Maria Joseph Johann Evangelista Johann Nepomuk Franz Xavier Aloys Januar ), was a King of Saxony ( 1827 – 1836 ) from the House of Wettin.

Johann Froben also operated his printing house in Basel and was notable for publishing works by Erasmus.

Bernoulli's formula is sometimes called Faulhaber's formula after Johann Faulhaber who also found remarkable ways to calculate sum of powers.

Franz Schubert is also something of a transitional figure, as are Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Mauro Giuliani, Friedrich Kuhlau, Fernando Sor, Luigi Cherubini, Jan Ladislav Dussek, and Carl Maria von Weber.

Avicenna also " described diabetes insipidus very precisely for the first time ", though it was later Johann Peter Frank ( 1745 – 1821 ) who first differentiated between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

The Imperial cartographer Johann Friedrich Endersch completed a map of Warmia () in 1755 and also made a copper etching of the galley named " The City of Elbląg " ().

Telemann was one of the most prolific composers in history ( at least in terms of surviving oeuvre ) and was considered by his contemporaries to be one of the leading German composers of the time — he was compared favorably both to his friend Johann Sebastian Bach, who made Telemann the godfather and namesake of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, and to George Frideric Handel, whom Telemann also knew personally.

He also studied the works of Johann Kuhnau, Kantor of the Thomaskirche and city director of music in Leipzig ; in his later years, Telemann recounted how much he learned about counterpoint from Kuhnau's work.

In 1829, Johann Wilhelm Rudolph Glier also began making harmonicas.

Johann Georg Rapp ( November 1, 1757 – August 7, 1847 ), also known as George Rapp, was the founder of the religious sect called Harmonists, Harmonites, Rappites, or the Harmony Society.

Count Johann von Werth ( 1591 – September 12, 1652 ), also Jan von Werth or in French Jean de Werth, was a German general of cavalry in the Thirty Years ' War.

He also catalogued the works of Johann Fux.

Johann Sebastian Bach also wrote six surviving works he called motets ; Bach's motets were relatively long pieces in German on sacred themes for choir and basso continuo, thought to have been written as training pieces for the members of his choir school.

This nebula was also observed by Johann Baptist Cysat in 1618.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

One solution to these paradoxes is the Charlier universe, in which the matter is arranged hierarchically ( systems of orbiting bodies that are themselves orbiting in a larger system, ad infinitum ) in a fractal way such that the universe has a negligibly small overall density ; such a cosmological model had also been proposed earlier in 1761 by Johann Heinrich Lambert.

Volapük (; ), also Volapuk, is a constructed language, created in 1879 – 1880 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a Roman Catholic priest in Baden, Germany.

Some had attempted a rule of four, but Johann Jakob Kaup ( 1803-1873 ) insisted that the number five was special noting that other natural entities such as the senses also came in fives.

The polka was also a further source of inspiration for the Strauss family in Vienna when Johann II and Josef Strauss wrote one for plucked string instruments ( pizzicato ) only, the well-known ' Pizzicato polka '.

Bloch diagnosed the disease as due to ' congestion of blood in the brain ' ( a meaningless diagnosis in modern medical practice as such congestion is anatomically impossible ), and after some controversy this diagnosis was also accepted by the famous Hanoverian court physician, Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann, an admirer of Mendelssohn.