* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church following the death of Pope John Paul II.

* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.

* Ratzinger, Joseph.

* 1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that it is necessary to limit rights of homosexual people and non-married couples.

And in 1984, when Joseph Ratzinger, then Cardinal Prefect of that Congregation, stated that he rejected the claim that children who die unbaptised cannot attain salvation, he was speaking for many academic theologians of his training and background.

Of those who took part in the council's opening session, four have become pontiffs to date: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who on succeeding Pope John XXIII took the name of Paul VI ; Bishop Albino Luciani, the future Pope John Paul I ; Bishop Karol Wojtyła, who became Pope John Paul II ; and Father Joseph Ratzinger, present as a theological consultant, who became Pope Benedict XVI.

This shift could be seen in theologians such as Karl Rahner, S. J., Michael Herbert, and John Courtney Murray, SJ who looked to integrate modern human experience with church principles based on Jesus Christ, as well as others such as Yves Congar, Joseph Ratzinger and Henri de Lubac who looked to an accurate understanding of scripture and the early Church Fathers as a source of renewal ( or ressourcement ).

( Cardinal Frings's theological advisor was the young Joseph Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, who would later, as Cardinal, head the same department of the Holy See.

** Joseph Ratzinger

It was approved in a Plenary meeting of the Congregation, and bears the signature of its then Prefect, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, and of its then Secretary, Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone, now Cardinal Secretary of State.

* Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal, " Liberation Theology " ( preliminary notes to 1984 Instruction )

Joseph Ratzinger, later elected pope, identified three overall motifs in Dei Verbum: ( 1 ) the new view of the phenomenon of tradition ; ( 2 ) the theological problem of the application of critical historical methods to the interpretation of Scripture ; and ( 3 ) the biblical movement that had been growing from the turn of the twentieth century.

Regarding article 1 of the preface of Dei Verbum, Joseph Ratzinger writes, " The brief form of the Preface and the barely concealed illogicalities that it contains betray clearly the confusion from which it has emerged.

* Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II, volume III, edited by Herbert Vorgrimler, chapter on the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, written by Joseph Ratzinger, Aloys Grillmeier, and Béda Rigaux, Herder and Herder, New York, 1969.

" In 2005 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who became Pope later that year but was then Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, described the series as " subtle seductions, which act unnoticed and by this deeply distort Christianity in the soul before it can grow properly ," and gave permission for publication of the letter that expressed this opinion.

* Pera, Marcello and Joseph Ratzinger ( Pope Benedict XVI ), Senza radici: Europa, Relativismo, Cristianesimo, Islam Without Roots: The West, Relativism, Christianity, Islam, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Perseus Books Group, 2006 ISBN 0-465-00634-5, Milano, Mondadori, 2004 ISBN 88-04-54474-0

* Ratzinger, Joseph ( Benedict XVI ) ( 9 October 2002 ).

Then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, said of abuses in celebration of the liturgy: “ In the place of liturgy as the fruit of development came fabricated liturgy.

* Review of a book by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger ( now Pope Benedict XVI )

As a cardinal, Joseph Ratzinger was seen as having a particular interest in the liturgy, and as being friendly towards the older rite of Mass.

In a letter of 31 January 1985 to Cardinal Giuseppe Siri, regarding the book Poem of the Man God, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger ( then Prefect of the Congregation, who later became Pope Benedict XVI ), referred to the 1966 notification of the Congregation as follows: " After the dissolution of the Index, when some people thought the printing and distribution of the work was permitted, people were reminded again in L ' Osservatore Romano ( 15 June 1966 ) that, as was published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis ( 1966 ), the Index retains its moral force despite its dissolution.

" In 2005, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who became Pope later that year but was at the time Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, described the series as " subtle seductions, which act unnoticed and by this deeply distort Christianity in the soul before it can grow properly ," and gave permission for publication of the letter that expressed this opinion.

Among its most notable professors is Joseph Ratzinger — now Benedict XVI — who was a visiting professor in the Faculty of Theology during from 1972 to 1973.

This was a first-hand account of the coalition building process by which Joseph Ratzinger ascended to the papacy as Benedict XVI.

Mrs. Blanche Dunkel, 60, who has spent 25 years in the Dwight reformatory for women for the murder in 1935 of her son-in-law, Ervin Lang, then 28, appealed for a parole at a hearing yesterday before two Illinois pardon and parole board members, John M. Bookwalter and Joseph Carpentier.

The Torah's Joseph narrative, at a stage when Joseph is unrecognised by his brothers, describes Joseph as testing whether his brothers have reformed, by secretly planting a silver cup in Benjamin's bag, then publicly searching the bags for it, and after finding it in Benjamin's possession, demanding that Benjamin become his slave as a punishment.

Historian Joseph Allen recounts that on one occasion Nelson, whose eyesight was still suffering following his wound, offered toothpicks to an officer who had lost his teeth and then passed a snuff-box to an officer whose nose had been torn off, causing much embarrassment.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

" For instance ," said Dr. Joseph Merlino, Senior Editor of the book Freud at 150: 21st Century Essays on a Man of Genius, " that ... I'm a cross-dresser and I don't want to keep it confined to my circle of friends, or my party circle, and I want to take that to my wife and I don't understand why she doesn't accept it, or I take it to my office and I don't understand why they don't accept it, then it's become a problem because it's interfering with my relationships and environment.

Working closely with Winston Churchill of Britain, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, Roosevelt sent his forces into the Pacific against Japan, then into North Africa against Italy and Germany, and finally into Europe starting with France and Italy in 1944 against the Germans.

" Joseph ( 1989: IJDL 18. 2: 134-42 ) gives extensive references to the use of the term, dramila first as the name of a people, then of a country.

He then learned of the death of his young son Joseph due to smallpox.

Austria proper ( as opposed to the complex of Habsburg lands as a whole ) had been an Archduchy since the 15th century, and most of the other territories of the Empire had their own institutions and territorial history, although there were some attempts at centralization, especially during the reign of Marie Therese and her son Joseph II and then finalized in the early 19th century.

Archibald Scott Couper in 1858 and Joseph Loschmidt in 1861 suggested possible structures that contained multiple double bonds or multiple rings, but the study of aromatic compounds was in its earliest years, and too little evidence was then available to help chemists decide on any particular structure.

Nevertheless, Pirates was a hit both in New York, again spawning numerous imitators, and then in London, and it became one of the most frequently performed, translated and parodied Gilbert and Sullivan works, also enjoying a successful 1981 Broadway revival by Joseph Papp.

Israel then became angry with the loss of Joseph, Simeon, and now possibly Benjamin.

That same year, Davis met Varina Banks Howell, then 17 years old, whom his brother Joseph had invited for the Christmas season at Hurricane plantation.

Dr John Frederick Joseph Cade AO ( 18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980 ) was an Australian psychiatrist credited with discovering ( in 1948 ) the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder ( then known as manic depression ).

Joseph Priestley, then living in Leeds, became associated with the Society in 1767 when Darwin and Wedgwood became involved with his work on electricity.

Moreover, in post – Lenin Russia, in the 1925 – 29 period, Joseph Stalin integrated Leninism to Marxist economics, and developed Marxism – Leninism, which then became the Communist state ideology of the USSR.

Joseph Mauborgne ( then a captain in the U. S. Army and later chief of the Signal Corps ) recognized that the character sequence on the key tape could be completely random and that, if so, cryptanalysis would be more difficult.

According to Joseph Anglade, a philologist and specialist of medieval literature who helped impose the then archaic term Occitan as the sole correct name, the word Lemosin was first used to designate the language at the beginning of the 13th century by Catalan troubadour Raimon Vidal de Besalú in his Razós de trobar

Composers such as the young Joseph Haydn would then have a fixed body of instrumentalists to work with.

The two candidates for the see were Cardinal William Egon of Fürstenberg, then Bishop of Strasbourg, and Joseph Clement, a brother of Max Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria.

The Order Beds were devised in the late 1860s by Sir Joseph Hooker, then director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, so that botany students could learn to recognise plants and experience at first hand the diversity of the plant kingdom.