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Juche became the official state ideology, replacing Marxism-Leninism, when the country adopted a new constitution in 1972.
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Juche and became
Hwang Jang-yeop, Kim's top adviser on ideology, discovered this speech later in the 1950s when Kim sought to develop his own version of Marxism – Leninism, which Juche was originally seen as a progression of, and began to craft the idea birthing it into the society-defining credo it became.
Under Juche, North Korea's economic goal became to “ build a rich and strong state that can guarantee our nation's chajusong ( freedom ).
Juche and official
Moreover, his Juche philosophy had effectively replaced Marxism-Leninism as North Korea's official ideology ( as outlined in the 1974 North Korean constitution ).
The politics of North Korea take place within a nominally democratic multi-party system within the framework of the official state philosophy, Juche, a concept created by Hwang Chang-yŏp for and later attributed to Kim Il-sung.
Despite these changes and its past reliance on this military and economic assistance, North Korea proclaims a militantly independent stance in its foreign policy in accordance with its official ideology of Juche, or self-reliance.
* North Korea's official state ideology, Juche, is based heavily on autarky.
In official North Korean histories, one of the first purported applications of Juche was the Five-Year Plan of 1956-1961, also known as the Chollima Movement, which led to the Chongsan-ri Method and the Taean Work System.
In 1972, Juche replaced Marxism-Leninism in the revised North Korean constitution as the official state ideology, this being a response to the Sino-Soviet split.
The official Korean Central News Agency announced on September 1, 1998, Juche 87, that a satellite called Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 had been launched at 3: 07 UTC the day before from a launch site in Musudan-ri, Hwadae-gun, North Hamgyong Province by a Paektusan-1 satellite launch vehicle ( SLV ).
21st-century North Korea has been described by Western sources as a " neo-Stalinist state ", although it has completely replaced Marxism-Leninism with Juche since first adopting it as the official ideology in the 1970s, with references to Marxism-Leninism altogether scrapped from the revised state constitution in 1992.
Juche and state
The Koreans use Juche in their case with the goal of creating a self-reliant state of mind, the correct thought that must precede and that will then determine correct action but also as a means of defining what is simultaneously modern and Korean.
According to Kim Jong-il's On the Juche Idea, the application of Juche in state policy entails the following:
In 1972, the country adopted a new constitution, which changed the state ideology to " Juche ".
Juche theoreticians have, however, incorporated religious ideas into the state ideology.
Juche and ideology
The country's government follows the Juche ideology of self-reliance, initiated by the country's first President, Kim Il-sung.
As relations with the PRC and the Soviet Union loosened towards the end of the Cold War, North Korea developed an ideology, Juche, based upon a high degree of economic independence and the mobilization of all the resources of the nation to defend against foreign powers seen as a threat to the country's sovereignty.
A possible example of a current autarky is North Korea, based on the government ideology of Juche ( self-sufficiency ), which is concerned with maintaining its domestic localized economy in the face of its isolation.
The North Korean flag's prominent red star is a universal symbol of communism, although since the flag's adoption, the philosophy of Juche has replaced Marxism-Leninism as the state's guiding ideology, and references to Communism have been systematically removed from the country's constitution and legal documents.
The cult of personality surrounding the Kim family has both legitimated and helped garner support for the Juche ideology.
The meaning of Juche is " self-reliance " and " independence " in politics, economics, defense, and ideology.
He said: " Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism is an integral system of the idea, theory and method of Juche, and a great revolutionary ideology representative of the Juche era.
Art in North Korea is primarily didactic ; cultural expression serves as an instrument for inculcating Juche ideology and the need to continue the struggle for revolution and reunification of the Korean Peninsula.
North Korean music follows the principles of Juche ( self-reliance ) ideology.
In North Korea, nationalism is incorporated as part of the state-sponsored ideology of Juche.
North Korea has had less success in coping with the collapse of the Soviet bloc than its counterparts, which led that government to " supersede " its original Marxism-Leninism with an ideology called Juche.
Juche and Marxism-Leninism
The Western world generally views North Korea as a dictatorship ; the government has formally replaced all references to Marxism-Leninism in its constitution with the locally developed concept of Juche, or self-reliance.
The tower is named after the principle of Juche, developed by Kim Il Sung as a blend of autarky, self-reliance, nationalism, Korean traditionalism, and Marxism-Leninism.
Juche was nonetheless defined as a " creative application of Marxism-Leninism.
Juche and country
Many commentators, journalists, and scholars outside North Korea equate Juche with Stalinism and call North Korea a Stalinist country.
In adherence to the Juche principles of chaju ( independence in politics ) and charip ( self-sustenance in the economy ) as outlined by Kim Il-sung in 1965, the country isolated itself from rest of the world.
Ceauşescu adapted the part of Titoism that made reference to the " conditions of a particular country ", but merged them with Romanian nationalism and contrasting North Korean Juche beliefs, while embarking on a particular form of Cultural Revolution.
Juche and new
To commemorate Kim Jong-il's 46th birthday in 1988, Japanese botanist Kamo Mototeru cultivated a new perennial begonia named " kimjongilia " ( literally, " flower of Kim Jong-il "), representing the Juche revolutionary cause of the Dear Leader.
The new logo retains the original one but details were added to the fire and to the Juche Tower.
Juche and .
The son of Genghis Khan, Juche, conquered the Kyrgyz tribes of the Yenisey region, who by this time had become disunited.
In North Korea, Marxism – Leninism was officially superseded in 1977 by Juche, in which concepts of class and class struggle, in other words Marxism itself, play no significant role.
Juche repeated demands that North Koreans learn to build and innovate domestically had run its course as had the ability of North Koreans to keep technological pace with other industrialized nations.
Given the ideals of Juche, North Korea chose to default on its loans and by the late 1980s its industrial output was declining.
Most of this ( as well as the Juche philosophy ) was the work of his son Kim Jong-Il, who had been officially nominated as his father's successor in October 1980.
Although the personality cult of the two Kims remained, as did the promotion of Juche, in effect North Korea by the start of 21st century had become a markedly different nation than it had been during the Cold War.
Strict labor discipline broke down with the economy, and people were no longer required to attend mandatory lectures on Juche.
So far the DPRK, not surprisingly given Juche and UN attempts to isolate them, has made little progress in attracting foreign capital.
However, his economic reforms challenge his position as the advancer of Juche and may eventually undo the regime.
* North Korea uses a system that starts in 1912 (= Juche 1 ), the year of the birth of their founder Kim Il-Sung.
Juche 87 ( 1998 ) archived copy.
The Juche Tower ( officially the Tower of the Juche Idea ) is a monument in Pyongyang, North Korea.
The Juche tower is the second tallest monumental column in the world after the San Jacinto Monument, which is taller.
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