Ahab became king of Israel in the thirty-eighth year of Asa, king of Judah, and reigned for twenty-two years.

Josiah was killed in 609 and Judah became a vassal of the new regional power, the Babylonian empire.

Byzantine control over the sites of Israel and Judah and other parts of the Levant lasted until 636, when it was conquered by Arabs and became a part of the Caliphate.

When Babylon fell to the Persian Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE, Judah ( or Yehud medinata, the " province of Yehud ") became an administrative division within the Persian empire.

Yet it was probably only in the middle of the next century, at the earliest, that Jerusalem again became the capital of Judah.

On the restoration of order in the Land of Israel, Usha became the seat of the academy and Judah spent his youth there.

Fearing that the oral traditions might be forgotten, Judah HaNasi undertook the mission of compiling them in what became known as the Mishna.

He was attended by Ahaziah, the king of Judah, who was also his nephew ( f ) Jehu slew Jehoram and became king himself.

According to the Obelisk, Jehu severed his alliances with Phoenicia and Judah, and became subject to Assyria.

In the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign, Abijah, Rehoboam's son, became king of Judah.

John Reagan of Texas became Postmaster General, and Judah P. Benjamin of Louisiana became Attorney General.

But an alternative form, organized by subject matter instead of by biblical verse, became dominant by about the year 220 CE, when Rabbi Judah haNasi redacted the Mishnah.

Omri became king of Israel in the 31st year of Asa, king of Judah and reigned for 12 years, 6 years of which were in Tirzah.

Judah became a vassal state of Egypt.

But an alternative form, organized by subject matter instead of by biblical verse, became dominant about the year 200 CE, when Rabbi Judah haNasi redacted the Mishnah ().

Originally the main god of the Iron Age kingdoms of Israel and Judah, worship of Yahweh alone ( monotheism ) became entrenched in Judaism in the exilic and Persian periods.

If Yahweh was not a Canaanite god, this raises the question of where he originated and how he became the national god of Israel and Judah in Iron Age II ( 1000-586 ).

It became one of the principal centers of the Tribe of Judah and was classified as one of the six traditional cities of refuge for the slayer.

After the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 Judah ( Hebrew: י ְ הו ּ ד ָ ה Yehuda ) became a province of the Persian empire.

According to, Abijah became king of Judah in the 18th year of the reign of Jeroboam, and reigned for three years.

The cupbearer who became governor of Judah, Nehemiah, may have been a eunuch.

Ahaz was twenty when he became king of Judah and reigned for sixteen years.

After the kingdom divided, Ajalon became the boundary between the kingdoms of Judah and Israel.

David, who was accepted as king by Judah alone, was meanwhile reigning at Hebron, and for some time war was carried on between the two parties.

As early as the 9th century Judah ibn Kuraish discussed the relationship between Arabic and Hebrew.

Judah prospered as an Assyrian vassal state, despite a disastrous rebellion against Sennacherib ), but in the last half of the 7th century BCE Assyria suddenly collapsed, and the ensuing competition between the Egyptian and Neo-Babylonian empires for control of Palestine led to the destruction of Judah in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582.

Judah at this time was a vassal of Assyria, but Assyrian power collapsed in the 630s, and in around 622 Josiah and the Deuteronomists, as the circle around him are called by modern scholars, launched a bid for independence expressed as loyalty to " Yahweh alone " and the law-code in the book of Deuteronomy, written in the form of a treaty between Judah and Yahweh to replace the vassal-treaty with Assyria.

There was peace with the Kingdom of Judah to the south, and even cooperation between the two rival states, while relations with neighboring Sidon to the north were bolstered by marriages negotiated between the two royal courts.

The Rastafari seek to validate a link between Ethiopia and Israel, pointing to the title Lion of Judah, and their goal is to repatriate to Mount Zion, that is, Africa.

One difficulty is that the narrative of Joshua appears to place the valley of Achor to the north of Jericho, between Jericho and Ai ; but Joshua makes the valley part of the boundary between the tribe of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin, to the south of Jericho, but not as far south as El-Buqei ' a.

This valley ( the Arabah ) is between Judah and Edom on the south of the Dead Sea.

As part of the kingdom of Judah, whatever remained of Simeon was ultimately subjected to the Babylonian captivity ; when the captivity ended, all remaining distinctions between Simeon and the other tribes in the kingdom of Judah had been lost in favour of a common identity as Jews.

As part of the Kingdom of Israel, during one of the several wars between the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, Naphtali was persecuted by Ben-Hadad, the king of Aram-Damascus, on behalf of Asa, the king of Judah, and desolated.

Like the other tribes of the kingdom of Judah, the tribe of Judah is entirely absent from the ancient Song of Deborah, rather than present but described as unwilling to assist in the battle between Israelites and their enemy.

As part of the kingdom of Judah, the tribe of Judah survived the destruction of Israel by the Assyrians, and instead was subjected to the Babylonian captivity ; when the captivity ended, the distinction between the tribes were lost in favour of a common identity.

Isaiah 7: 1, 2 speaks of a league between Pekah and King Rezin of Aram that was a threat to Ahaz of Judah.

* Judea, the former territory of the Kingdom of Judah after its demise ( c. 586 BC ), being successively a Babylonian, a Persian, a Ptolemaic and a Seleucid province, an independent kingdom under the Hasmoneans regarding itself as successor of the Biblical one, a Roman dependent kingdom and a Roman province

Later, Judah Maccabee established his camp here in preparation for battle with the Seleucid Greeks, who had invaded

Mattathias ' sons Judah ( Yehuda ), Jonathan ( Yonoson / Yonatan ), and Simon ( Shimon ) began a military campaign, initially with disastrous results: one thousand Jewish men, women, and children were killed by Seleucid troops because they refused to fight, even in self-defense, on the Sabbath.

A Seleucid army under General Nicanor was defeated by Judah ( ib.

In 167 BCE Mattathias, together with his sons Judah, Eleazar, Simon, John, and Jonathan, started a revolt against the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who since 175 BCE had issued decrees that forbade Jewish religious practices.

Shortly thereafter, Judah routed a bigger Seleucid army under the command of Seron near Beth-Horon, largely thanks to a good choice of battlefield.

Then in the Battle of Emmaus, Judah proceeded to defeat the Seleucid forces led by generals Nicanor and Gorgias.

While Gorgias was searching for him in the mountains, Judah made a surprise attack upon the Seleucid camp and defeated the Seleucid at the Battle of Emmaus.

Judah then laid siege to the Assyrian garrison at the Acra, the Seleucid citadel of Jerusalem.

Judah encouraged his remaining men and set out to meet the Seleucid army in the rough terrain surrounding Jerusalem.

Being heavily outnumbered, Judah ignored the Seleucid infantry which had deployed in the slow moving and inflexible phalanx formation, instead launching an all out attack on Bacchides himself, who was part of the Seleucid cavalry squadron on the right flank of the army.

Betzalel Bar Kochva, an Israeli historian, believes that the Judeans would have had equal numbers to the Seleucids in this battle, that Bacchides ' retreat was feigned in order to lure Judah into a vulnerable position, and that the Seleucid phalanx managed to best the Judean phalanx in a full-scale battle.

* Judas Maccabeus, also known as Judah the Hammer, leader of the Maccabean revolt ( 167 – 160 BCE ) against the Seleucid Empire

The tomb's exterior design features a Doric frieze and Ionic columns, both being styles originating in ancient Greece and introduced into Judah during the Seleucid Empire, centuries after the death of Absalom.