" The Fourth Gospel addresses itself to the challenges posed by Judaism and others outside Johannine circles who have rejected the community's vision of Jesus as preexistent Son, sent by the Father.

Isaac Klein's A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice, a comprehensive guide frequently used within Conservative Judaism also addresses Conservative views on other uses of a mikveh, but because it predates the 2006 opinions it describes an approach more closely resembling the Orthodox one and does not address the leniencies and views those opinions reflected.

It addresses all denominations of Judaism and covers topics as varied as how to tell family and friends to antisemitism, to pop Kaballah.

The term, however, is notably used to construct the names of religions in Chinese: the terms for Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and other religions in Chinese all end with jiào.

Although Judaism provides Jews with a word to label God's transcendence ( Ein Sof, without end ) and immanence ( Shekhinah, in-dwelling ), these are merely human words to describe two ways of experiencing God ; God is one and indivisible.

In Judaism, Elijah's name is invoked at the weekly Havdalah ritual that marks the end of Shabbat, and Elijah is invoked in other Jewish customs, among them the Passover seder and the Brit milah ( ritual circumcision ).

Some 16th-century anti-Trinitarian divines sought to reconcile Christianity, Islam and Judaism ; on the basis of very similar arguments to those presented in the Gospel of Barnabas, arguing that if salvation remains unresolved until the end times, then any one of the three religions could be a valid path to heaven for their own believers.

By the end of the Babylonian captivity of Judah in the Tanakh, Judaism is strictly monotheistic.

In Judaism, end times are usually called the " end of days " ( aḥarit ha-yamim, אחרית הימים ), a phrase that appears several times in the Tanakh.

In Judaism, the main textual source for the belief in the end of days and accompanying events is the Tanach, or Hebrew Bible.

While writing that the series fulfills the norms of mass-market fiction, as mentioned above, magazine writer Michelle Goldberg characterized the books as an attack on Judaism and liberal secularism, and suggested that the near-future " end times " in which the books are set seem to reflect the actual worldview of millions of Americans, including many prominent conservative leaders.

In 1947, with the participation of Rabbi Simon Greenberg his efforts toward that end culminated in the establishment of the American Jewish University, then known as the University of Judaism.

The North American Reform movement and UK Liberal Judaism reflect a more radical end.

Masorti Judaism, occupy the more conservative end of the non-orthodox Judaisms.

These may be bans on certain actions during menstruation ( such as intercourse in some movements of Judaism and Islam ), or rituals to be performed at the end of each menses ( such as the mikvah in Judaism and the ghusl in Islam ).

Boole considered converting to Judaism but in the end chose Unitarianism.

* 164 BC – Antiochus IV Epiphanes (" God Manifest "), Seleucid king of the Syrian kingdom who has reigned since 175 BC, and has encouraged Greek culture and institutions but also attempted to suppress Judaism, which has led to the uprisings in Judea towards the end of his reign ( b. c. 215 BC )

* Antiochus IV Epiphanes (" God Manifest "), Seleucid king of the Syrian kingdom who has reigned since 175 BC, and has encouraged Greek culture and institutions but also attempted to suppress Judaism, which has led to the uprisings in Judea towards the end of his reign ( b. c. 215 BC )

Judaism even then had ceased for Holdheim to be an end unto itself.

It was only in keeping with Besht ’ s character that he welcomed baptism by the Frankists as an end to its threat to mainstream Judaism of the day, for it is related that he said: “ As long as a diseased limb is connected with the body, there is hope that it may be saved ; but, once amputated, it is gone, and there is no hope .” The upheaval caused by the threats of the Frankist movement to destroy mainstream Judaism seemed to undermine Besht ’ s health, however, and he died shortly after the conversion of many Frankists to Christianity.

Klemperer had previously converted to Catholicism, but returned to Judaism at the end of his life.

To this end Philo chose from philosophical tenets of Greeks, refusing those that did not harmonize with Judaism such as Aristotle's doctrine of the eternity and indestructibility of the world.

The end time ( also called end times, end of days, last days or eschaton ) is a time period described in the eschatological writings in the three Abrahamic religions ( Judaism, Christianity, and Islam ) and in doomsday scenarios in Hinduism, Buddhism and various other non-Abrahamic religions.

For men, Islam, Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism and other religious groups have at various times recommended or required the covering of the head and sections of the hair of men, and some have dictates relating to the cutting of men's facial and head hair.

In modern times, liberal movements such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic.

In modern times, Judaism lacks a centralized authority that would dictate an exact religious dogma.

Hanukkah is not mentioned in the Bible and was never considered a major holiday in Judaism, but it has become much more visible and widely celebrated in modern times, mainly because it falls around the same time as Christmas and has national Jewish overtones that have been emphasized since the establishment of the State of Israel.

Orthodox Judaism regards halakha ( Jewish law ) as requiring Jewish men to pray three times daily and four times daily on the Sabbath and most Jewish holidays, and five times on Yom Kippur.

The menorah has been a symbol of Judaism since ancient times and is the emblem on the coat of arms of the modern state of Israel.

The exact forms of what later came to be called Judaism during the times of Moses or during the eras of the Mishnah and Talmud cannot be known today, but Orthodox Jews believe that contemporary Orthodox Judaism maintains the same basic philosophy and legal framework that existed throughout Jewish history, whereas the other denominations depart from it.

Both " pagan " and " heathen " have historically been used as a pejorative by adherents of monotheistic religions ( such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam ) to indicate a disbeliever in their religion ; although in modern times it is not always used as a pejorative.

In recent times, members of the Reform Judaism movement began a program to convert to Judaism the non-Jewish spouses of its intermarried members and non-Jews who have an interest in Judaism.

Traditionally in Judaism, the name is not pronounced but read as Adonai () (" Master "), during prayer, and referred to as HaShem (" the Name ") at all other times.

Despite the preeminence of Tikunei haZohar and despite the topmost priority of Torah study in Judaism, much of the Zohar has been relatively obscure and unread in the Jewish world in recent times, particularly outside of Israel and outside of Chasidic groups.

Consequently, within the world of Haredi Judaism, the English word and title of " Rabbi " for anyone is often scorned and derided, because in their view the once-lofty title of " Rabbi " has been debased in modern times.

Haifa is also mentioned more than 100 times in the Talmud, a book central to Judaism.

In Judaism, the tradition of wearing a veil dates back to biblical times.

In biblical times, many Israelites married foreign women, and their children appear to have been accepted as Israelite without question ; the Talmud understands that the women in question converted to Judaism.

It should be noted that the Book of Enoch is considered apocryphal by most denominations of Christianity and all denominations of Judaism.

Similar to the traditional view in Judaism, conservative Christians view the Book of Daniel as written by the prophet Daniel, who they claim wrote the book around 536 BC after having been in captivity for about 70 years.

Some of the laws and customs of mourning in Judaism are derived from the Book of Job's depiction of Job's mourning and the behavior of his companions.

Christians explain that such selectivity is based on rulings made by early Jewish Christians in the Book of Acts, at the Council of Jerusalem, that, while believing gentiles did not need to fully convert to Judaism, they should follow some aspects of Torah like avoiding idolatry and fornication and blood, including, according to some interpretations, homosexuality.

In Judaism and Christianity, he is also viewed as the author of the Book of Ezekiel that reveals prophecies regarding the destruction of Jerusalem and the Millennia Temple visions, or the Third Temple.

* In Judaism, King Hezekiah purged Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem and the Land of Israel of figures, including the Nehushtan, as recorded in the Second Book of Kings.

Their religious practices are those of Judaism, but they regard only the written Torah as authoritative scripture ( with a special regard also for the Samaritan Book of Joshua ).

Kaplan, a critic of both Orthodox and Reform Judaism, believed that Jewish practice should be reconciled with modern thought, a philosophy reflected in his Sabbath Prayer Book ..." Due to Kaplan's evolving position on Jewish theology and the liturgy, he was also condemned as a heretic by members of Young Israel.

The author of Sefer ha-Ikkarim (" Book of Principles "), the classic work on the fundamentals of Judaism.

In Judaism the term " People of the Book " ( Hebrew: עם הספר, Am HaSefer ) was used to refer specifically to the Jewish people and the Torah, and to the Jewish people and the wider canon of written Jewish law ( including the Mishnah and the Talmud ).

This final stage, preserved in then opening chapter of the Book of Genesis ( written c. 500 BCE ), forms the basis of belief regarding the creation in Judaism and Christianity.

Judaism considers the Book of Jeremiah part of its canon, and regards Jeremiah as the second of the major prophets.

* United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism Book Service

Gabriel is mentioned in the Book of Daniel, in the Hebrew Scriptures where he is sent as a messenger of YHWH ( see God in Judaism ) to Daniel during the Jewish captivity in Babylon.

The author of the Second Book of Maccabees presented the conflict as a struggle between " Judaism " and " Hellenism ", words that he was the first to use.

The Book of Psalms contains invitations to " admire the wisdom of Hashem through his works "; from this, some scholars suggest, Judaism harbors a Philosophical under-current.

Sa ' adya's Emunoth ve-Deoth (" Beliefs and opinions ") was originally called Kitab al-Amanat wal-l ' tikadat (" Book of the Articles of Faith and Doctrines of Dogma "); it was the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the dogmas of Judaism, completed at Sura Academy in 933 CE.

He wrote Sefer ha-Ikkarim (" Book of Principles "), a classic work on the fundamentals of Judaism.

The author of the Second Book of Maccabees presented the conflict as a struggle between " Judaism " and " Hellenism ", words that he was the first to use.

The Book of Beliefs and Opinions ( completed 933 CE ) is a text written by Saadia Gaon which is the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the dogmas of Judaism.

* His chronicle, a work written in 1161 under the title of Sefer ha-Kabbalah ( Book of Tradition ), in which he fiercely attacked the contentions of Karaism and justified rabbinical Judaism by the establishment of a chain of traditions from Moses to his own time, is replete with valuable general information, especially relating to the time of the Geonim and to the history of the Jews in Spain.

Although in the Book of Genesis Jacob mentions he would descend into the Sheol where he thought his son Joseph already was and the Witch of Endor summons the ghost of the deceased prophet Samuel at the behest of King Saul, modern scholars believe the concept of an immortal soul going to bliss or torment after death entered mainstream Judaism after the exile and existed throughout the Second Temple era, though both ‘ soul sleep ’ and ‘ soul death ’, were also held,

R. H. Charles comments in his translation of The Book Of Enoch that in later Judaism " we find Uriel instead of Phanuel " as one of the four angels of the presence.

References to the creatures reoccur in texts of Second Temple Judaism, in rabbinical merkabah (" chariot ") literature, and in the Book of Revelation 4: 6.