While Freud did not distinguish between an " individual psychology " and a " collective psychology ," Jung distinguished the collective unconscious from the personal subconscious particular to each human being.

Carl Jung distinguished between two types of unconscious mind: the personal unconscious and collective unconscious ( Dewey, 2007 ).

Freud's description of subjective states, involving an unconscious mind full of primal impulses, and counterbalancing self-imposed restrictions, was combined by Carl Jung ( 1875 – 1961 ) with the idea of the collective unconscious, with which the conscious mind fought or embraced.

The collective unconscious, sometimes known as collective subconscious, is a term of analytical psychology, coined by Carl Jung.

In the " Definitions " chapter of Jung's seminal work Psychological Types, under the definition of " collective " Jung references representations collectives, a term coined by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl in his 1910 book How Natives Think.

Jung says this is what he describes as the collective unconscious.

Jung proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and the introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.

Jung created some of the best known psychological concepts, including the archetype, the collective unconscious, the complex, and synchronicity.

Jung de-emphasized the importance of sexual development and focused on the collective unconscious: the part of unconscious that contain memories and ideas inherited from our ancestors.

According to them, " During the period in which he worked on this book Jung developed his principal theories of archetypes, collective unconscious, and the process of individuation.

Jung saw collective neuroses in politics: " Our world is, so to speak, dissociated like a neurotic " ( Jung, 1964: 85 ).

Jung was convinced that the scope of dream interpretation was larger, reflecting the richness and complexity of the entire unconscious, both personal and collective.

Later readers, such as Carl Jung and another of Freud's disciples, Karen Horney, broke with Freud, and their work, especially Jung's, led to other rich branches of psychoanalytic criticism: Horney's to feminist approaches including womb envy, and Jung's to the study of archetypes and the collective unconscious.

Like the Swiss psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung, would have said: Ancient archetypes resurfaced from our collective unconscious and repossessed receptive minds-which were, as a rule, still developing and thus especially impressible.

The Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung argued that archetypal processes such as death and resurrection were part of the " trans-personal symbolism " of the collective unconscious, and could be utilized in the task of psychological integration.

For Jung, “ My thesis then, is as follows: in addition to our immediate consciousness, which is of a thoroughly personal nature and which we believe to be the only empirical psyche ( even if we tack on the personal unconscious as an appendix ), there exists a second psychic system of a collective, universal, and impersonal nature which is identical in all individuals.

Jung linked the collective unconscious to ' what Freud called " archaic remnants "-mental forms whose presence cannot be explained by anything in the individual's own life and which seem to be aboriginal, innate, and inherited shapes of the human mind '.

Jung considered that ' the shadow ' and the anima / animus differ from the other archetypes in the fact that their content is more directly related to the individual's personal situation ', and less to the collective unconscious: by contrast, ' the collective unconscious is personified as a Wise Old Man '.

Jung also made reference to contents of this category of the unconscious psyche as being similar to Levy-Bruhl's use of collective representations or " représentations collectives ," Mythological " motifs ," Hubert and Mauss's " categories of the imagination ," and Adolf Bastian's " primordial thoughts.

New Age writers go unhesitantly further, claiming that Jung himself ' dared to suggest that the human mind could link to ideas and motivations called the collective unconscious ... a body of unconscious energy that lives forever '.

For Carl Jung Hermes was guide to the underworld is become the god of the unconscious, the mediator of information between the conscious and unconscious factors of the mind, and the archetypal messenger conveying communication between realms.

Jung asserted that all humans share certain innate unconscious psychological forces, which he called archetypes.

In modern times, the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung defined the mythological figure of Proteus as a personification of the unconscious, who, because of his gift of prophecy and shape-changing, has much in common with the central but elusive figure of alchemy, Mercurius.

Jung considered individuation, the psychological process of integrating the opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious while still maintaining their relative autonomy, to be the central process of human development.

Shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, at the age of twelve, he was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard that he was for a moment unconscious ( Jung later recognized that the incident was his fault, indirectly ).

Jung, who had become interested in psychiatry as a student by reading Psychopathia Sexualis by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, professor in Vienna, now worked as a doctor under the psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in Burghölzli and became familiar with Freud's idea of the unconscious through Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ) and was a proponent of the new " psycho-analysis.

In 1913 at the age of thirty-eight, Jung experienced a horrible " confrontation with the unconscious ".

Jung saw Freud's theory of the unconscious as incomplete and unnecessarily negative.

According to Jung, Freud conceived the unconscious solely as a repository of repressed emotions and desires.

Jung agreed with Freud's model of the unconscious, what Jung called the " personal unconscious ", but he also proposed the existence of a second, far deeper form of the unconscious underlying the personal one.

Carl Jung sought to invoke synchronicity to explain results on astrology from a single study he conducted, where no statistically significant results were observed.

* Excerpts from " Answer to Job " by Carl Jung

However, claims from Jung Chang and Jon Halliday's controversial Mao: the Unknown Story allege that Mao knew about the famine from the beginning but didn't care, and eventually Mao had to be stopped by a meeting of 7, 000 top Communist Party members.

For his paintings, Gammell used symbols drawn from C. G. Jung, primitive and medieval cultures, and biblical and mythological sources, to give visual form to Thompson's poem.

While Charles Darwin's work remade the aristotelian concept of " man, the animal " in the public mind, Jung suggested that human impulses toward breaking social norms were not the product of childishness, or ignorance, but rather derived from the essential nature of the human animal.

Jung believed that the similarities between the myths from different cultures reveals the existence of these universal archetypes.

Jung Bahadur was the first ruler from this dynasty.

After the murder of Sri Teen Maharaja Ranodip Singh, the Shumshers occupied the hereditary throne of Prime Minister and added " Jung Bahadur " to their name, although they were descended from Jung's younger brother Dhir Shumsher.

This model was later used by David Keirsey with a different understanding from Jung, Briggs and Myers.

Although Roh was from a military background and one of the leaders of Chun's coup d ' etat, the inability of the opposition leaders Kim Dae Jung and Kim Young Sam to agree on a unified candidacy led to his being elected.

At the end of his schooldays, Adorno not only benefited from the rich concert offerings of Frankfurt-in which one could hear performances of works by Schoenberg, Schreker, Stravinsky, Bartók, Busoni, Delius and Hindemith-but also began studying music composition at the Hoch Conservatory while taking private lessons with well-respected composers Bernhard Sekles and Eduard Jung.

Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung, who studied archetypes, proposed an alternative definition of symbol, distinguishing it from the term sign.

Jung claimed that one night he saw a faintly luminous and indefinite figure coming from her room, with a head detached from the neck and floating in the air in front of the body.

A solitary and introverted child, Jung was convinced from childhood that, like his mother, he had two personalities — a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more at home in the eighteenth century.

In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach, who came from a wealthy family in Switzerland.

The work and writings of Jung from the 1940s onwards focused on alchemy.

Jung observed that " stage acts of state " are comparable to religious displays: " Brass bands, flags, banners, parades and monster demonstrations are no different in principle from ecclesiastical processions, cannonades and fire to scare off demons ".

For the next few years, the Zentralblatt under Jung and Meier maintained a position distinct from that of the Nazis, in that it continued to acknowledge contributions of Jewish doctors to psychotherapy.

In the face of energetic German attempts to Nazify the international body, Jung resigned from its presidency in 1939, the year the Second World War started.

Jung once treated an American patient ( Rowland Hazard III ), suffering from chronic alcoholism.

The influence of Jung thus indirectly found its way into the formation of Alcoholics Anonymous, the original twelve-step program, and from there into the whole twelve-step recovery movement, although AA as a whole is not Jungian and Jung had no role in the formation of that approach or the twelve steps.