In 2009 Alexander Vargas, an evolutionary developmental biologist, suggested that the inheritance of acquired traits ( Lamarckian inheritance ) that Kammerer observed in the Midwife Toad could be real and could be explained by epigenetics.

For ten months, Kammerer remained a fringe member of this simmering crowd, still utterly infatuated with Carr, who sometimes avoided him and on other occasions indulged Kammerer ’ s attentions.

Accounts of this period report that Kammerer ’ s presence and lovelorn devotion to Carr made many of the other Beats uncomfortable.

Kammerer had already experimented with sea squirts, salamanders and other animals and believed that these experiments provided evidence of Lamarckian inheritance.

However most biologists believe that Kammerer was a fraud and even among those who believe he was not dishonest most believe that he misinterpreted the results of his experiments.

Near the end of the novel, the Waldo Meister character dies by falling from the window of Kenneth Wood's apartment ( a distant echo of the real event: David Kammerer knifed by Lucien Carr, possibly in self-defense ).

What is not in dispute is that Carr moved quickly from school to school: from the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts to Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine to the University of Chicago, and that Kammerer followed him to each one.

If Marian Carr was seeking to protect her son from David Kammerer, she did not succeed.

William Burroughs also moved to New York, to an apartment a block away from Kammerer.

Hillstomp is a punk blues duo consisting of Henry Hill Kammerer and John " Lord Buckets " Johnson from Portland, Oregon, known for unique versions of traditional material and energetic live performances.

In 2178 he assigned Maxim Kammerer to the task of locating a " Stepchild ", Lev Abalkin, who disappeared from his view.

Being closely chased by Maxim Kammerer and Rudolf Sikorski, he tried to obtain his corresponding " detonator " from the Museum of Extraterrestrial Cultures ( MEC ).

The " city " represents a number of figures of the early beat circle: Allen Ginsberg ( as Leon Levinsky ), Lucien Carr ( as Kenneth Wood ), William Burroughs ( as Will Dennison ), Herbert Huncke ( as Junky ), David Kammerer ( as Waldo Meister ), Edie Parker ( as Judie Smith ) and also Joan Vollmer ( as Mary Dennison ) -- though she essentially has a non-speaking role ( however some of her ideas are quoted by the Ginsberg-figure ).

Under the Swedish and subsequently Saxon authorities he remained involved in the civic affairs of the city, becoming in 1641 a Kammerer and in 1646 Burgermeister, a position he was to hold for thirty years.

In The Case of the Midwife Toad Arthur Koestler surmised that the tampering had been done by a Nazi sympathiser to discredit Kammerer for his political views, and that his research might actually have been valid.

Kammerer ’ s psyche was evidently decaying ; he was barely scraping by, helping a janitor clean his building on Morton Street in exchange for rent.

In early August, Kammerer crawled into Carr ’ s room via the fire escape and watched him sleep for half an hour ; he was caught by a guard as he crawled back out again.

Kammerer caught up with Carr at the West End, and the two men went for a walk, ending up in Riverside Park on Manhattan's upper west side.

* Ludens-an official contact established at " The Great Revelation " in 2199 by Maxim Kammerer and others, although Ludens had operated on Earth in secret for decades

The principal characters are Maxim Kammerer and Toyvo Glumov, both working for an organization which investigates " Unexplained Events " (" UE " s ).

Kammerer was known to, for example, make notes in public parks of what numbers of people were passing by, how many carried umbrellas etc.

Koestler reported that, when researching for his biography about Kammerer, he himself was subjected to " a meteor shower " of coincidences-as if Kammerer's ghost were grinning down at him saying, " I told you so!

Kammerer, guessing what is to come, tries to convince Abalkin to leave Earth for his own safety, but to no effect.

Strugatsky brothers planned the book to be direct sequel of Prisoners of Power and follow the story of infiltration of the progressor Maxim Kammerer into the elite of the Island Empire.

Carr would later insist, as would his friends and family, that Kammerer had been hounding Carr sexually with a predatory persistence that would today be considered stalking.

Kammerer and Glumov's investigation unmasks the Ludens, and they are made public in what would later be called " The Great Revelation.

But Kammerer failed and Sikorski had to lure Abalkin into a trap and assassinated him, because he believed it to be the only way of protecting Earth.

The contemporary view in biology remained that acquired characteristics cannot be inherited and that every case documented by Kammerer falls in the broad category of phenotypic plasticity.

Kammerer could be the true discoverer of non-Mendelian, epigenetic inheritance.

He demands to be left alone, but Sikorski orders Kammerer to follow him.

Burroughs was introduced to the group by an old friend, David Kammerer, who was enamored of Lucien Carr.

Carr had befriended freshman Allen Ginsberg and introduced him to Kammerer and Burroughs.

On August 13, 1944, Carr killed Kammerer with a Boy Scout knife in Riverside Park in what he claimed later was self-defense.

In the 1920s, experiments by Paul Kammerer on amphibians, particularly the midwife toad, appeared to find evidence supporting Lamarckism, but his specimens with supposedly acquired black foot-pads were found to have been tampered with.

Reich took an increasingly bioenergetic view of libido, perhaps influenced by his tutor Paul Kammerer and another biologist, Otto Warburg.

German TV broadcaster ARD premiered a live-action two-part adaptation starring Justus Kammerer as Nils and directed by Dirk Regel on Christmas 2011.

* August 17-Paul Kammerer ( died 1926 ), Austrian Lamarckian biologist.

Maxim Kammerer ( 2137-after 2226 ) is a fictional character in Arkady and Boris Strugatsky's series of science fiction novels set in the Noon Universe.

Kammerer starts out as an adventurer and space explorer, becoming involved in the politics of the local civilization of Saraksh and overthrowing the totalitarian regime of one of its states in 2157.

Later Kammerer became a prominent official in the COMCON-2, " Control Committee ", which is a type of intelligence and security service.

While gathering little meaningful information about intentions, history, or potential threat of the Wanderers to the human civilization of Earth, Kammerer eventually presided, as the head of the " Unexplained Events " department of the COMCON-2, over the Great Revelation involving the discovery of Ludens, a subgroup of humans capable of superhuman intelligence after certain medical procedures.

When Strugatsky brothers got an opportunity to reverse the changes brought on by Soviet censors, they chose to retain the " Kammerer " last name.

Kammerer appears in Prisoners of Power, Beetle in the Anthill and The Time Wanderers.

Kammerer played by Vasiliy Stepanov in The Inhabited Island.

Hunke valued loyalty and it is thought that Abe Green was of " inestimable assistance " to Lucien Carr and Jack Kerouac when it came to the concealment of the weapon used to murder David Kammerer some years later.

At the age of 14, Carr met David Kammerer ( b. 1911 ), a man who would have a profound influence on the course of his life.

Kammerer was a teacher of English and a physical education instructor at Washington University in St. Louis.

Kammerer was a childhood friend of William S. Burroughs, another scion of St. Louis wealth who knew the Carr family.