Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, mostly by some of Freud's former students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung, Wilhelm Reich and later by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Jacques Lacan.

Another important figure in the world of personality theory was Karen Horney.

Marcuse also argued that Fromm, as well as his close colleagues Sullivan and Karen Horney, removed Freud's libido theory and other radical concepts, which thus reduced psychoanalysis to a set of idealist ethics, which only embrace the status quo.

* Horney, Karen.

* Horney, Karen.

* Horney, Karen.

He coined the term “ phallocentrism ” in a critique of Freud ’ s account of sexual difference arguing along with Klein and her Berlin colleague, Karen Horney, for a primary femininity and penis envy as a defensive formation rather than arising from the fact, or “ injury ”, of biological asymmetry.

Later readers, such as Carl Jung and another of Freud's disciples, Karen Horney, broke with Freud, and their work, especially Jung's, led to other rich branches of psychoanalytic criticism: Horney's to feminist approaches including womb envy, and Jung's to the study of archetypes and the collective unconscious.

* Karen Horney

He considers that the work of certain neo-Freudian psychoanalysts, namely Karen Horney, offer promise in dealing with what he calls a " deadlock between the overvalued and undervalued self " ( Cooper, 112 – 3 ).

His writings preceded, and were at times surprisingly consistent with, later neo-Freudian insights such as those evidenced in the works of Otto Rank, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Erich Fromm, some considering that it would take several decades for Freudian ego psychology to catch up with Adler's ground-breaking approach.

Fritz and Laura Perls left South Africa in 1946 and ended up in New York, where Fritz Perls worked briefly with Karen Horney, and Wilhelm Reich.

Shortly after receiving his Ph. D. in 1947, Ellis began a personal analysis and program of supervision with Richard Hulbeck ( whose own analyst had been Hermann Rorschach, a leading training analyst at the Karen Horney Institute and the developer of the Rorschach inkblot test ).

Of psychologists, the writings of Karen Horney, Alfred Adler, Erich Fromm and Harry Stack Sullivan would arguably be some of the greatest influences in Ellis's thinking and played a role in shaping his psychological models.

Psychologist Karen Horney, M. D., in her article " The Problem of the Monogamous Ideal ," indicates that the overestimation of love leads to disillusionment ; the desire to possess the partner results in the partner wanting to escape ; and the taboos against sex result in non-fulfillment.

Historically " the first force " were psychologists like Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Otto Rank, Melanie Klein, Harry Stack Sullivan, and others.

* Karen Horney ( 1885 – 1952 ) Psychiatrist

* Karen Horney

* Karen Horney, an early 20th century German psychoanalyst

* The Association of Karen Horney Psychoanalytic Counsellors were the original publishers of The Barefoot Psychoanalyst, which allies the practice of co-counselling with the theories of Karen Horney.

In 1987, the association became The Institute for Self-Analysis, a member of the International Karen Horney Society.

* 1952 – Karen Hesse, American author

* 1965 – Karen Foster, American model and actress

* 1967 – Karen Dunne, American track and road cyclist

* 1946 – Karen Silkwood, American activist ( d. 1974 )

* 1958 – Karen Berger, American comic book editor

* 1944 – Karen Foss, American broadcaster

* 1983 – Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer ( The Carpenters ) ( b. 1950 )

* 1939 – Karen Black, American actress

* 1997 – Karen Wetterhahn, American chemist and educator ( b. 1948 )

* 1961 – Karen Velez, American model

* 1950 – Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer ( The Carpenters ) ( d. 1983 )

* 1961 – Karen Duffy, American actress

* 1978 – Karen O, American singer ( Yeah Yeah Yeahs )

* 1923 – James Karen, American actor

** Karen Steele, American actress ( d. 1988 )

** Karen Grassle, American actress ( Little House on the Prairie )

* February 19 – Karen Silkwood, American activist ( d. 1974 )

* May 23 – Karen Duffy, American actress

* December 13 – Karen Witter, American actress and model

** Karen McDougal, American model

* October 24 – Karen Austin, American actress

Karen Hesse ( born on August 29, 1952 Baltimore, Maryland ) is an American author of children's literature and literature for young adults, often with historical settings.

Marcia Karen Wallace ( born November 1, 1942 ) is an American character actress, comedienne and game show panelist, primarily known for her roles in television situation comedies.

* In May 2000, in the American sitcom Will & Grace episode " My Best Friend's Tush ," the characters Grace Adler ( Debra Messing ) and Karen Walker ( Megan Mullally ) visit a taco restaurant to find Helena Barnes ( Joan Collins ).