It can be caused by chronic meningitis and neurosyphilis that would increase intracranial pressure over a long period of time, and in some cases by ciliopathy including ciliopathy due to primary ciliary dyskinesia ( Kartagener syndrome, Afzelius ’ syndrome or Siewert ’ s syndrome ).

* Kartagener syndrome, rare genetic disorder which causes a defect in the action of the cilia

Kartagener ’ s syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 25 of totalis.

Axial CT image showing dextrocardia and situs inversus in a patient with Kartagener syndrome.

Axial CT image showing situs inversus ( liver and IVC on the left, spleen and aorta on the right ) in a patient with Kartagener syndrome.

If they do, they are said to have Kartagener syndrome, characterized by the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis.

Axial CT image showing chronic sinusitis in an individual with Kartagener syndrome.

When accompanied by the combination of situs inversus ( reversal of the internal organs ), chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis, it is known as Kartagener syndrome.

CT image showing dilated and thickened medium sized airways ( bronchiectaisis ) in a patient with Kartagener syndrome.

* Examples of hypogonadism that affect fertility more than hormone production are Klinefelter syndrome and Kartagener syndrome.

Excess calcium from supplements, fortified food and high-calcium diets, can cause milk-alkali syndrome, which has serious toxicity and can be fatal.

* Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, in which the drugs appear to cause the temperature regulation centers to fail, resulting in a medical emergency, as the patient's temperature suddenly increases to dangerous levels.

Psychosis, confusion, and organic brain syndrome may be caused by alcohol misuse, which can lead to a misdiagnosis such as schizophrenia.

A kindling effect also occurs in alcoholics whereby each subsequent withdrawal syndrome is more severe than the previous withdrawal episode ; this is due to neuroadaptations which occur as a result of periods of abstinence followed by re-exposure to alcohol.

Amok is often described as a culture-bound ( or culture-specific ) syndrome, which is a psychological condition whose manifestation is strongly shaped by cultural factors.

Boerhaave first described Boerhaave syndrome, which involves tearing of the esophagus, usually a consequence of vigorous vomiting.

* Interstitial cystitis ( IC ) or painful bladder syndrome ( PBS ): BCG has been useful in treating some people with IC and / or PBS, which are chronic inflammatory bladder problems with unknown etiology.

Approximately 10 % of patients will experience a notable protracted withdrawal syndrome, which can persist for many months or in some cases a year or longer.

It is difficult and sometimes impossible to assign a mechanism to any particular bradycardia, but the underlying mechanism is not clinically relevant to treatment, which is the same in both cases of sick sinus syndrome: a permanent pacemaker.

* Administer the vitamin thiamine to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which can cause a seizure ( more usually a treatment for chronic alcoholism, but in the acute context usually co-administered to ensure maximal benefit ).

They are often portrayed as children with Williams syndrome ( which was not recognised as a medical condition but some specialist believe that people were enchanted with their character and appearance that they believed to be magical ), usually with fair hair.

They were also unable to cast a baby with Down's syndrome for the first few episodes, which is why the baby appeared rigid.

There are four main groups of epileptic syndrome which can be further divided into: benign Rolandic epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy, infantile spasms, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy ( pyknolepsy ), hot water epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Dravet syndrome, progressive myoclonus epilepsies, reflex epilepsy, Rasmussen's syndrome, temporal lobe epilepsy, limbic epilepsy, status epilepticus, abdominal epilepsy, massive bilateral myoclonus, catamenial epilepsy, Jacksonian seizure disorder, Lafora disease, photosensitive epilepsy, etc.

The result of the acetic acid released is a strong odor of vinegar, which is why the decay process in the archival community is known as " vinegar syndrome ".

The most common chromosomal aneuploidy is a trisomy of chromosome 21 which manifests itself as Down syndrome.

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis, a hypermetabolic clinical syndrome which occurs when there are elevated serum levels of T3 and / or T4.

“ Pusher syndrome ” is a recently identified clinical disorder following left or right brain damage in which patients actively push their weight away from the nonhemiparetic side to the hemiparetic side.

However another study, had observed that pusher syndrome is also present in patients with left hemisphere lesions, leading to aphasia, providing a stark contrast to what was previously believed regarding hemispatial neglect, which mostly occurs with a right hemisphere lesion.

A new physical therapy approach for patients with pusher syndrome suggests that the visual control of vertical upright orientation, which is undisturbed in these patients, is the central element of intervention in treatment.

His last inspiration for general adaptation syndrome ( GAS, a theory of stress ) came from an endocrinological experiment in which he injected mice with extracts of various organs.

Selye conceptualized the physiology of stress as having two components: a set of responses which he called the " general adaptation syndrome ", and the development of a pathological state from ongoing, unrelieved stress.

The syndrome is thought to be a hypersensitivity complex that affects the skin and the mucous membranes.

Vulvodynia is a chronic pain syndrome that affects the vulvar area and occurs without an identifiable cause or visible pathology categorized in the ICD-9 group 625 — specifically ICD-9 625. 7, which is for pain and other disorders of the female genital organs.

Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome ( VVS ) is the most common subtype of vulvodynia that affects premenopausal women – the syndrome has been cited as affecting about 10 %– 15 % of women seeking gynecological care.

It has been linked to many disorders such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, atelectasis and pulmonary embolism, adverse cardiovascular affects, and wound healing complications.

Aortic dissection affects 1 % to 2 % of patients with Turner syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome affects 44 % of the U. S. population older than age 50.

* autism spectrum disorder Autistic disorder ( also called “ classic ” autism ), Pervasive Development Disorder, and Asperger syndrome -- developmental disorders that affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills.

Joubert syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the cerebellum, an area of the brain that controls balance and coordination.

Rett syndrome, originally termed as cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia, is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the grey matter of the brain that almost exclusively affects females.

Rett syndrome affects one in every 12, 500 female live births by age 12 years.

Sjögren's syndrome affects 1 – 4 million people in the United States.

Unlike neurofibromatosis, Proteus syndrome affects tissue other than nerves, and it is a sporadic disorder rather than a genetically transmitted disease.

Alice-in-Wonderland syndrome ( AIWS, named after the novel written by Lewis Carroll ), also known as Todd's syndrome, is a disorienting neurological condition that affects human perception.

Nephrotic syndrome has many causes and may either be the result of a disease limited to the kidney, called primary nephrotic syndrome, or a condition that affects the kidney and other parts of the body, called secondary nephrotic syndrome.

* Outbreak of " atypical poliomyelitis ", strongly resembling what would later be called chronic fatigue syndrome, affects a large number of medical staff at the Los Angeles County Hospital.

Intersection syndrome is a painful condition that affects the thumb side of the forearm when inflammation occurs at the intersection of the muscle bellies of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis cross over the extensor carpi radialis longus and the extensor carpi radialis brevis.

The disease affects about 1 in 1, 000, 000 people, with more reported cases of Caroli syndrome than of Caroli disease.

Trisomy 18 ( Edwards syndrome ) affects 1 in 6, 000 births, and trisomy 13 ( Patau syndrome ) affects 1 in 10, 000 births.