Vertov's brother Boris Kaufman was a noted cinematographer who worked much later for directors such as Elia Kazan and Sidney Lumet in America.

Although his long Livonian War for the control of the Baltic coast and the access to sea trade ultimately proved a costly failure, Ivan managed to annex the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia.

Research by Kondrat ' eva, Reznikov and colleagues at Kazan University had shown how meteor storms could be accurately predicted but for some years the worldwide meteor community remained largely unaware of these results.

It was nominated for eight Oscars and won three: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actress ( Celeste Holm ), and Best Director ( Elia Kazan ).

Kazan acted in only a few films, including City for Conquest ( 1940 ).

Kazan had considered whether that kind of scene might be too much for American audiences:

Birthday party for Kazan during filming of A Streetcar Named Desire ( 1951 )

Saint recalls that Kazan selected her for the role after he had her do an improvisational skit with Brando playing the other character.

Kazan next directed him in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ), where he was also nominated as Best Supporting Actor for his role as a sympathetic priest.

In 1956, Kazan directed him in a starring role in Baby Doll, alongside Carroll Baker and Eli Wallach, a controversial story written by Tennessee Williams, and he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.

" He furthered his support in 1999, when, as a member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, he proposed that they give Kazan an honorary Oscar for " lifetime achievement ".

Kazan had invited director Nicholas Ray to a private showing, with Dean, as Ray was looking for someone to play the lead in Rebel Without a Cause.

Biographer Suzanne Finstad notes that a " turning point " in her life as an actress was upon seeing the film A Streetcar Named Desire: " She was transformed, in awe of Kazan and of Vivien Leigh's performance ... became a role model for Natalie.

Kazan himself writes that the " sages " of the film community declared her as " washed up " as an actress, although he still wanted to interview her for his next film:

Williams wrote the screenplay specifically for Kazan to direct during the 1950s.

" Kazan, many years later, explained his rationale for scenes in that film:

Joanna Rapf adds that Kazan was most admired for his close work with actors, noting that director Nicholas Ray considered him " the best actor's director the United States has ever produced.

In one important and highly emotional scene, for example, Kazan had to give Griffith fair warning: " I may have to use extraordinary means to make you do this.

Although he didn't know De Niro before this film, for example, Kazan later writes, " Bobby is more meticulous ... he's very imaginative.

" Kazan developed and used those personality traits for his character in the film.

Kazan was the best actors ' director by far of any I've worked for ... the only one who ever really stimulated me, got into a part with me and virtually acted it with me ... he chose good actors, encouraged them to improvise, and then improvised on the improvisation ...

Kazan remained controversial in some circles until his death for testimony he gave before the House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC ) in 1952, a period that many, such as journalist Michael Mills, feel was " the most controversial period in Hollywood history.

In 1978, the U. S. government paid for Kazan and his family to travel to Kazan's birthplace where many of his films were to be shown.

Ray's work subsequently had a worldwide impact, with filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese, James Ivory, Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, François Truffaut, Steven Spielberg, Carlos Saura, Jean-Luc Godard, Isao Takahata, Gregory Nava, Ira Sachs and Wes Anderson being influenced by his cinematic style, and many others such as Akira Kurosawa praising his work.

In Kazan's autobiography, Kazan writes of the " lasting impact on him of the Group ," noting in particular, Lee Strasberg and Harold Clurman as " father figures ", along with his close friendship with playwright Clifford Odets.

In 1947, he co-starred in the stage play " All My Sons ," written by Arthur Miller, with Kazan directing, and began being recognized as a serious actor.

" As a result, Kazan was forced to " baby-sit the young actor in side-by-side trailers ," so he wouldn't run away during production.

I still like it when I see it ," writes Kazan.

However, in order to get quality acting from Andy Griffith, in his first screen appearance, and achieve what Schickel calls " an astonishing movie debut ," Kazan would often take surprising measures.

Actress Terry Moore calls Kazan her " best friend ," and notes that " he made you feel better than you thought you could be.

In later interviews, Kazan explained some of the early events that made him decide to become a friendly witness, most notably in relation to the Group Theater, which he called his first " family ," and the " best thing professionally " that ever happened to him:

Mills notes that prior to becoming a " friendly witness ," Kazan discussed the issues with Miller:

However, at Kazan, Petlyyakov faced increasing difficulties, with so many of his trained technicians and machinists conscripted into the Soviet military and sent to the front lines, which adversely affected the quality of production aircraft.

Her irreverent and often bawdy sense of humour allowed her to establish a rapport with her co-star Marlon Brando ; but she had difficulty with director Elia Kazan, who did not hold her in high regard as an actress.

Williams became one of Kazan's closest and most loyal friends, and Kazan often pulled Williams out of " creative slumps " by redirecing his focus with new ideas.

Having won all four of his nominations, Elia Kazan has been honored most often in this category.

The main population of the steppes were the nomadic Manghites, also known as Nogais, who sometimes recognized the rule of the Kazan khan, but more often raided agricultural Tatars and Chuvash, as they had done in the Golden Horde period.

Like London, Curwood set many of his works in the wilds of the Great Northwest and often used animals as lead characters ( Kazan, " Baree ; Son of Kazan, The Grizzly King and Nomads of the North ).

Throughout his career, Lederer, who studied with Elia Kazan at the Actors Studio in New York, continued to take stage acting seriously, and he performed often both in New York and elsewhere.

Those by a kremlin often gave rise to local toponyms, such as Nagorny Posad ( Uphill Settlement ), and Kazanski Posad for the historical center of Kazan.

Brando achieved stardom, however, as Stanley Kowalski in Tennessee Williams's 1947 play A Streetcar Named Desire, directed by Elia Kazan.