The ODM charged the Kikuyu have grabbed everything and all the other tribes have lost ; that Kibaki had betrayed his promises for change ; that crime and violence were out of control, and that economic growth was not bringing any benefits to the ordinary citizen.

Kibaki turned out to be an exemplary student.

When he came to power in 2003, President Kibaki rolled out free learning both in primary and later in secondary schools.

In the 2002 election, Ford-Asili won 2 out of 212 elected seats and did not field a presidential candidate, supporting the successful NARC alliance candidate Mwai Kibaki.

In the first open presidential elections in a quarter century, in December 1992, Moi won with 37 % of the vote, Matiba received 26 %, Mwai Kibaki ( of the mostly Kikuyu Democratic Party ) 19 %, and Odinga 18 %.

Kibaki instead attended Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda, where he studied Economics, History and Political Science, and graduated best in his class in 1955 with a First Class Honours Degree ( BA ) in Economics.

Mwai Kibaki ( standing, back right ) with Jomo Kenyatta and Zafrud Deen sitting in front

When Kibaki was the minister of Finance Kenya enjoyed a period of relative prosperity, fueled by a commodities boom, especially coffee, with remarkable fiscal discipline and sound monetary policies.

In January 1998, Kibaki became the leader of the official opposition with the Democratic Party being the official opposition party in Parliament.

On 27 December 2002, Kibaki and NARC won a landslide victory over KANU, with Kibaki getting 62 % of the votes in the presidential elections, against only 31 % for the KANU candidate Uhuru Kenyatta.

In November 2004, in an ABC Prime Time interview with Peter Jennings, former US President Bill Clinton identified Kibaki as the one living person he would most like to meet " because of the Kenyan government's decision to abolish school fees for primary education ".

The Kibaki Government then came up with a draft Constitution put forward by Attorney General, Amos Wako watering down some of the provisions in the draft agreed to during the “ Bomas ” discussions.

President ’ s Kibaki Government was perceived as being unwilling to abide by its pre-election agreement with its partners and as retreating into an ethnic enclave.

Three days later, after a protracted count which saw presidential results in Kibaki's Central Kenya come in last, allegedly inflated, in a cloud of suspicion and rising tensions, amid vehement protests by Raila's ODM, overnight re-tallying of results and chaotic scenes, all beamed live on TV, at the national tallying center at the Kenyatta International Conference Center in Nairobi, riot police eventually sealed off the tallying Center ahead of the result announcement, evicted party agents, observers and the media, and moved the Chairman of the Electoral Commission, Samuel Kivuitu, to another room where Kivuitu went on to declare Kibaki the winner by 4, 584, 721 votes to Odinga's 4, 352, 993, placing Kibaki ahead of Odinga by about 232, 000 votes in the hotly contested election with Kalonzo Musyoka a distant third.

Furthermore, Odinga, who had run an anti – Kikuyu campaign, had won the votes of most of the other Kenyan tribes and regions, with Kibaki's victory being attained only with the near exclusive support of the populous Kikuyu, Meru and Embu communities-who had turned up to vote for Kibaki in large numbers after feeling, in reaction to the Odinga campaign, and with the covert encouragement of the Kibaki campaign, increasingly besieged and threatened by the pro-Odinga tribes.

The media captured the events and reactions at the time thus :" Previously regarded as a gentlemanly leader with a passion for golf, Kibaki has revealed a steely side. With a reputation as a mild-mannered, old-school gentleman ,... Kibaki, 76, showed a steely core by swearing himself in within an hour of being pronounced victor in an election denounced as fraudulent by opposition challenger Raila Odinga and questioned by international and Kenyan observers. Odinga's supporters said he would be declared president at a rival ceremony on Monday, but police banned the event hundreds of riot police sealed off the proposed venue, Uhuru Park for several days.

The violence continued for more than two months, as Kibaki ruled with " half " a cabinet he had appointed, with Odinga and ODM refusing to recognize him as president.

The accord, later passed by the Kenyan Parliament as the National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008 provided inter alia for power-sharing, with Kibaki remaining President and Raila Odinga taking a newly re-created post of Prime Minister.

The post election violence early 2008therefore is, in part, a consequence of the failure of President Kibaki and his first Government to exert political control over the country or to maintain sufficient legitimacy as would have allowed a civilized contest with him at the polls to be possible.

A rainbow coalition of opposition parties routed the ruling KANU party, and its leader, Moi's former vice-president Mwai Kibaki, was elected President by a large majority.

One such event was endorsed by Mwai Kibaki, the President of Kenya.

* November 15 – Mwai Kibaki, third President of Kenya

DVB-T broadcasts were launched by the President of Kenya, Mwai Kibaki on the 9th of December 2009.

Some of the evidence of these torture cells were to be later exposed in 2003 after Mwai Kibaki became President.

Mwai Kibaki, was elected President by a two to one majority over Kenyatta, which was confirmed on 29 December 2002.

On December 30, 2002, Mwai Kibaki was sworn in as the third President of Kenya.

In early 1960, Mwai Kibaki left academia for politics when he gave up his job at Makerere and returned to Kenya to become executive officer of Kenya African National Union ( KANU ), at the request of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga ( who went on to become Kenya's first Vice President ).

When Daniel arap Moi succeeded Jomo Kenyatta as President of Kenya in 1978, Kibaki was elevated to Vice Presidency, and kept the Finance portfolio until Moi changed his ministerial portfolio from Finance to Home Affairs in 1982.

On 29 December 2002, still nursing injuries from the motor vehicle accident and in a wheel chair, Mwai Kibaki was sworn-in as the third President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kenya in a boisterous, chaotic and jubilant ceremony held at the open grounds of Uhuru Park, Nairobi .. " I am inheriting a country which has been badly ravaged by years of misrule and ineptitude ," he stated at his swearing-in, as quoted by Andrew England of the Associated Press.

Kibaki did not look good, for instance, when he appeared live on TV on 25 September 2003 to appoint Moody Awori Vice President after the death in office of Vice President, Michael Wamalwa Kijana.

About his decision Kibaki said, “ Following the results of the Referendum, it has become necessary for me, as the President of the Republic, to re-organise my Government to make it more cohesive and better able to serve the people of Kenya ".

Once elected, however, President Kibaki reneged on the MoU.

On 26 January 2007, President Kibaki declared his intention of running for re-election in the 2007 presidential election.

On 30 September 2007, a robust and much healthier President Kibaki launched his presidential campaign at Nyayo Stadium, Nairobi.

President Kibaki, the economist whose term as Finance minister in the 1970s is widely celebrated as outstanding, has done much to repair the damage to the country ’ s economy during the 24-year reign of his predecessor, President Moi.

President Kibaki is the first leader in the East Africa and may be in Africa to bring into place a new constitution, that deprives the presidency off powers and not hang around in power like most African leaders.

The continuity between Kibaki and Moi set the stage for the self-destruction of Kibaki's National Rainbow Coalition, which was dominated by Kikuyus.

Although it appears that the peaceful transfer of power to Mwai Kibaki may have involved an understanding that Moi would not stand trial for offences committed during his presidency, foreign aid donors reiterated their requests and Kibaki reopened the inquiry.

After the proposal was defeated in a November 2005 constitutional referendum, Kibaki called Moi to arrange for a meeting to discuss the way forward.

On 25 July 2007, Kibaki appointed Moi as special peace envoy to Sudan, referring to Moi's " vast experience and knowledge of African affairs " and " his stature as an elder statesman ".

At the time, the Kenyan press speculated that Moi and Kibaki were planning an alliance ahead of the December 2007 election.

On 28 August 2007, Moi announced his support for Kibaki's re-election and said that he would campaign for Kibaki.

Kibaki came third in the subsequent presidential elections of 1992, when the divided opposition lost to president Moi and KANU despite having received more than two thirds of the vote.

With Moi looking on, Kibaki reiterated his pledge to end government corruption.

Kenya is also much more democratic and freer in the Kibaki era than it was during the Kenyatta and Moi eras.

Nominated to Parliament in 2001, he became Minister for Local Government under President Daniel arap Moi and, despite his political inexperience, was favored by President Moi as his successor ; Kenyatta ran as KANU's candidate in the December 2002 presidential election, but lost to opposition candidate Mwai Kibaki by a large margin.

Musyoka served in the government under President Daniel arap Moi and was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1993 until 1998 ; subsequently, under President Mwai Kibaki, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs again from 2003 to 2004, then Minister of the Environment from 2004 to 2005.

Almost all the politicians in the Moi government and a considerable percentage of the current Kibaki government have been accused.

With the death of JM Kariuki and the scaring of Mwai Kibaki from the Kenyatta succession yarn around 1976, Gema insiders ’ vow of preventing the presidential standard from crossing River Chania had sort of come to pass as President Moi took over the reigns of power.

In 2003, after Mwai Kibaki replaced Moi as president, 5, 10, and 20 shilling notes from the 1978 series with Kenyatta's picture that had been in storage were issued, and circulated for a time.

When Moi was succeeded by Mwai Kibaki, Awori was made Minister of Home Affairs in January 2003 and then Vice-President ( while remaining in charge of Home Affairs ) in September 2003, following the death of the previous Vice-President, Michael Kijana Wamalwa in London.

Others before him were Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Joseph Murumbi, former President Daniel arap Moi, current President Mwai Kibaki, Prof Josephat Karanja, Prof George Saitoti, and Musalia Mudavadi.