The language of this work is the East Slavic version of Church Slavonic language with many additional irregular east-slavisms ( like other east-Slavic codices of the time ). Whereas the Laurention ( Muscovite ) text traces the Kievan legacy through to the Muscovite princes, the Hypation text traces the Kievan legacy through the rulers of the Halych principality. The Hypatian codex was re-discovered in Kiev in the 1620s and copy was made for Prince Kostiantyn Ostrozhsky.

Several rulers of Kievan Rus – Mikhail of Chernigov and Mikhail of Tver among them – were reportedly assassinated in Sarai, but the Khans were generally tolerant and even released the Russian Orthodox Church from paying taxes.

It was hotly contested between the Polish rulers ( kings, principal dukes and dukes of Masovia ) and Kievan Rus princes, laid waste by the Mongols in 1241 ( see: Mongol invasion of Europe ), and was not rebuilt until 1275, later it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania,.

Originally applied to the rulers of Kievan Rus ' and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, it later referred to the children of the Russian Tsars, synonymous with English Grand ducal title.

Originally the cathedral was a burial place of the Kievan rulers including Vladimir Monomakh, Vsevolod Yaroslavich and of course the cathedral's founder Yaroslav I the Wise, although only the latter's grave survived to our days ( see picture ).

The Battle of Orsha was part of a long series of Muscovite – Lithuanian Wars conducted by Russian rulers striving to gather all the lands of former Kievan Rus ' under their rule.

The rulers of the Kievan Rus entities had no standing army besides permanent group of personal guards, druzhina ( дружи ' на ); members of the unit were called druzhinnik ( дружи ' нник ).

Kievan rulers then collected tribute from the Chudes of the surrounding ancient Estonian county of Ugaunia, possibly until 1061, when, according to chronicles, Yuryev was burned down by another tribe of Chudes ( Sosols ( probably Sackalians, or the Osilians the people of Saaremaa ( Ösel ) or Soopoolitse )).

The two brothers were treated by Sweyn with hospitality, while their sister was married to Waldemar, king of Ruthenia, i. e. Vladimir II Monomakh, one of the most famous rulers of Kievan Rus.

The Small Coat of Arms of Ukraine (" the Trident ") is based on the emblem of the Rurik Dynasty of the rulers of Kievan Rus '.

As the result of these events the rulers of Kiev and other lands that used to be in the heartland of Kievan Rus ' had to accept the seniority of Lithuanian Grand Dukes.

They first appeared in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 15th century as Mirski, a name probably derived from the town of Miory in the former Kievan Rus principate of Polotsk, although it is possible that the family had been local rulers for some centuries beforehand.

The Kievan Grand Princes had traditional primacy over the other rulers of the land and the Kiev princehood was a valuable prize in the intra-dynastic rivalry.

Byzantium's close cultural and political interaction with its Balkan neighbors Bulgaria and Serbia, and with Russia ( Kievan Rus ', then Muscovy ) led to the adoption of Byzantine imperial traditions in all of these countries.

By the 11th century, particularly during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, Kievan Rus ' displayed an economy and achievements in architecture and literature superior to those that then existed in the western part of the continent.

" Grand duke " is the traditional translation of the title Velikiy Kniaz ( Великий Князь ), which from the 11th century was at first the title of the leading Prince of Kievan Rus ', then of several princes of the Rus '.

Velikiy Kniaz was from the 11th century the title of the leading Prince of Kievan Rus ' ( head of the Rurikid House ), then of several princes of the Rus '.

Towards the West, under the provocation of the Muslim Caliphate Khwarezmid Empire, he moved into Central Asia as well, devastating Transoxiana and the eastern Persia, then raiding into Kievan Rus ' ( a predecessor state of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine ) and the Caucasus.

Rurik's successors later moved to Novgorod and then to Kiev, thus laying foundations for the powerful state of Kievan Rus.

The Przemyśl region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary beginning in at least the 9th century.

In 981 the town, then inhabited by the Eastern Slavic tribe of Buzhans, was made a part of Kievan Rus ', along with the surrounding Cherven Towns.

After burning down Kiev ( then the metropolitan seat of Rus ) in 1169, he refused to accept the Kievan throne for himself, enthroning his younger brother there instead.

The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century.

In the 11th century the area belonged to Poland ( 1018 – 1031 and 1069 – 1080 ), then reverted to Kievan Rus '.

In the following century, the area shifted briefly to Poland ( 1018 – 1031 and 1069 – 1080 ) and then back to Kievan Rus '.

It was ruled variously by Great Moravia, Kievan Rus ', Poland, was independent as the state of Galicia-Volhynia ( circa 1200 to 1340 ), and then ruled by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 1340 to 1772 ), the Austro-Hungarian Empire ( 1772 to 1918 ), and Poland ( 1918 to 1939 ), when it was part of the Lwów Voivodship of the Second Republic of Poland.

(; literally, great prince ) was, starting in the 10th century, the title of the leading Prince of the Kievan Rus ', head of the Rurikid House: first the prince of Kiev, and then that of Vladimir and Galicia-Volhynia starting in the 13th century.

The attack also forced the young Mstislav, then enthroned in Novgorod, to flee back to his father, Iziaslav, in Kiev, and was thus and affront to the Kievan grand prince.

From the 9th century until around the 12th century, there were important trade exchanges between the then Surozh and the Kievan Rus '.

During the Middle Ages it was first located in the Principality of Polotsk, after the Battle on the river Nemiga in the Principality of Minsk, then was taken over by Kievan Rus ' but after the Mongol Invasion the Rus ' rule diminished and since 1242 Mir belonged to the expanding and dynamic Duchy of Lithuania.

Zbigniew see in this marriage and alliance with the Kievan ruler a directed attack against him ; he then began his attempts to persuade Duke Borivoj II of Bohemia to invaded Bolesław III's domains.

Through its history, the Kievan coalition had relied on lateral succession to the princedom ; that is to say, that when a prince died, he was replaced by his brother, then he by the next brother, etc .… with this repeating until the fourth brother was reached and then succession transferred back to the original prince's son.

The negotiations failed, due to hostilities resulting from the Livonian War, territorial demands by Ivan ( who wanted former territories of Kievan Rus ', then under control of Lithuania ), and decision by Ivan that Russian side will not ' lower itself to the level of other European monarchies and send a diplomatic mission to Poland begging for him to become a king '.

The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century.

Harald became extremely rich during his time in the east, and secured the wealth collected in Constantinople by shipments to Kievan Rus ' for safekeeping ( with Yaroslav the Wise acting as safekeeper for his fortune ).

Modeled on translated hagiographies, lives of Saint Anthony of the Caves, Saint Vladimir the Great, Saint Princess Olha, and others were written and collected in the Kievan Cave Patericon, the most remarkable collection of lives in the Kievan period.

During the 11th century, Lithuanian territories were included in the list of lands paying tribute to Kievan Rus ', but by the 12th century, the Lithuanians were invading neighboring territories themselves.

In 882 his successor Oleg ventured south and conquered Kiev, which had been previously paying tribute to the Khazars, founding Kievan Rus '.

Nikephoros revoked the tribute and instigated ( with 15, 000 pounds of gold ) King Sviatoslav I of Kiev to attack Bulgaria, which he did so effectively, that Nikephoros ended up renewing the alliance with Bulgaria and turning against his own Kievan ally.

Since the reference appears in a passage describing the Drugovichians as one of the Slavic peoples who pay tribute to the Kievan Rus, and they are named alongside the Severians and Krivichians, it seems likely these are the same people.

Between the ninth and tenth centuries, the Vyatichi paid tribute to the Khazars and later Kievan princes ( they were conquered by Svyatoslav I of Kiev in 966 ).

In 1030 Tharbata was conquered by Kievan Prince Yaroslav I the Wise who forced Ugaunians to pay annual tribute, establiseh his own fort there, and named it Yuryev ( literally Yury's-Yury being Yaroslav's Christian name ).

In 1030 the town of Tarbatu in Ugandi was conquered by Kievan Prince Yaroslav I the Wise who forced the local people to pay annual tribute ; as well, he established his own fort there and named it Yuryev ( literally " Yury's "-Yury being Yaroslav's Christian name ).

According to the Primary Chronicle, the Severians, having paid tribute to the Khazars, along with the neighboring Polans, were conquered by Oleg of Novgorod, who incorporated their lands into the new principality of Kievan Rus '.