Olaf Geirstad-Elf | King Olaf and the Little People.

King Olaf III Guthfrithson conquered Northumbria and invaded the Midlands.

In 943, he became the god-father of King Olaf of York.

* 1030 – Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars: Battle of Stiklestad – King Olaf II fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes.

In the other version of the story, Eiríks saga rauða or the Saga of Erik the Red, Leif Ericsson accidentally discovers the new land when travelling from Norway back to Greenland after a visit to his overlord, King Olaf Tryggvason, who commissions him to spread Christianity in the colony.

* Olaf II, King of Norway

* September 9 – Battle of Svolder: King Olaf Tryggvason is defeated by an alliance of his enemies, in this notable naval battle of the Viking Age.

* August 18 – King Olaf I of Denmark

* King Olaf Magnusson of Norway ( b. 1099 )

* July 29 – King Olaf II of Norway ( b. 995 )

* August 22 – Olaf, King of Norway and Denmark and claimant to the throne of Sweden, dies.

* August 23 – King Olaf IV of Norway / Olaf III of Denmark ( b. 1370 )

However, they made themselves unpopular by heavy taxation and favouring Danish advisers over the Norwegian nobles, and when King Magnus I of Norway, the son of the former King of Norway, Olaf, invaded in 1035, they were forced to flee to Harthacnut's court.

Olaf Haraldsson was probably the first King of Norway to extend his rule to the inland regions of eastern Norway, and to have ruled more or less the whole of the present-day country.

King Olaf Kyrre ( 1067 – 1093 ) was the first Norwegian king to be literate.

Haakon and Margrethe's son, Olaf, became King of Denmark in 1376.

On his father's death in 1380, Olaf also succeeded to the Norwegian throne, as King Olav IV.

The alliance between the Scots and the Norse was cemented by the marriage of Constantine's daughter to Olaf Guthfrithson, the Viking King of Dublin, and in 937 they joined with Owain of Strathclyde to invade England.

Detail on a pewter fork handle from Norway, showing three scenes: the Viking King Olaf II of Norway | Heilag Olav, His People, and a Viking ship

Through Åsta, Harald was the youngest of King Olaf Haraldsson's three half-brothers.

In a Greek book written in the 1070s, Kekaumenos's Strategikon, Araltes ( i. e. Harald ; his brother Olaf is also mentioned ) is said to have won the favour of the emperor, and is described as the " son of the King of Varangia ".

His victory in the Battle of Brunanburh in 937, in which he and his half-brother Edmund defeated Gofraid's son King Olaf ( III ) Guthfrithson of Dublin, seems to have had the effect of consolidating his power.

* Alexander II of Epirus ( died 260 BC ), King of Epirus in 272 BC

When King Æthelwulf died in 858, Wessex was ruled by three of Alfred's brothers in succession, Æthelbald, Æthelbert and Æthelred.

In April 871, King Æthelred died, and Alfred succeeded to the throne of Wessex and the burden of its defence, despite the fact that Æthelred left two under-age sons, Æthelhelm and Æthelwold.

She was married in 515 to Eutharic ( c. 480 – 522 ), an Ostrogoth noble of the old Amal line, who had previously been living in Visigothic Hispania, son of Widerich ( born c. 450 ), grandson of Berismund ( born c. 410 ), and great-grandson of Thorismund ( died after 400 ), King of the Ostrogoths c. 400.

Afonso II (; English Alphonzo ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin version ), nicknamed " the Fat " ( Portuguese o Gordo ), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.

In 1474, King Henry IV of Castile died without a male heir.

On 23 April 1196, King Béla III died and he left the Kingdom of Hungary unportioned to his eldest son, Emeric, while Andrew inherited a large amount of money in order to fulfill his father's Crusader oath.

* Alfred Aetheling ( died 1036 ), son of King Ethelred II of England

Conquering all of the territory north of the Po, he forced the surrender of Milan and then drove Guy out of Pavia, where he was crowned King of Italy, but went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn, and fever incapacitated his troops.

Anton succeeded his brother Frederick August I as King of Saxony when he died, on 5 May 1827.

Others who were either killed or captured at the actual Battle were as follows: King Jean II ; Prince Philip ( youngest son and progenitor of the House of Valois-Burgundy ), Geoffroi de Charny, carrier of the Oriflamme, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, Walter VI, Count of Brienne and Constable of France, Jean de Clermont, Marshal of France, Arnoul d ' Audrehem, the Count of Eu, the Count of Marche and Ponthieu Jacques de Bourbon taken prisoner at the Battle and died 1361, the Count of Étampes, the Count of Tancarville, the Count of Dammartin, the Count of Joinville, Guillaume de Melun, Archbishop of Sens.

King Louis II died at Mohács, and in 1527, and the Hungarian parliament elected János Szapolyai as the new king of Hungary.

In 1328, King Charles IV of France died without male heirs, as his brothers did before him.

* Cyrus the Younger ( died 401 BC ), brother to the Persian King Artaxerxes

* Constantine II, King of Armenia ( died 1344 ), first Latin King of Armenian Cilicia of the Lusignan dynasty

* Constantine II of Kakheti ( died 1732 ), King of Kakheti 1722 – 1732

When Casimir, the last Piast king of Poland, died in 1370, his nephew King Louis I of Hungary succeeded him to become king of Poland in personal union with Hungary.

When Elizabeth I of England died in March 1603 and James VI of Scotland became King of England as James I, Charles was not considered strong enough to make the journey to London due to his fragile health.

It is said that he died in Macedonia after being attacked by the Molossian hounds of King Archelaus and that his cenotaph near Piraeus was struck by lightningsigns of his unique powers, whether for good or ill ( according to one modern scholar, his death might have been caused instead by the harsh Macedonian winter ).

In 936 King Henry I of Germany died and his eldest son, Eadgyth's husband, was crowned at Aachen as King Otto I.

As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title, William had dictated a will on the very day he died, bequeathing his domains to Eleanor and appointing King Louis VI of France as her guardian.

Although he had been invested as such on the 8th of August, on his and Eleanor's tour of the provinces a messenger caught up with them with the news that on 1 August, King Louis VI had died of dysentery.

Albert died childless and was succeeded by his brother, who became King George.