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Koht responded with a speech in which he said that the Allies had nothing to gain by interfering with Norwegian shipping lanes — the British had a more significant trade with Norway than the Germans.
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Koht and with
The Norwegian government of Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold, with the exception of foreign minister Halvdan Koht and minister of defense Birger Ljungberg, was largely caught by surprise when it became apparent in the early hours of April 9, 1940 that Nazi Germany had launched an invasion of Norway.
In the early 20th century, poet Hans E. Kinck countered and viewed Haakon as an insignificant king subordinated to forces outside of his control, a view which influenced historians such as Halvdan Koht and Edvard Bull, Sr .. Haakon has often been compared with Skule Bårdsson, and historians have taken sides in the old conflict.
Næss managed to have a meeting on 8 April 1940 with the Norwegian Foreign Minister, Halvdan Koht and woke up the day after, 9 April with the German invasion of Oslo, seeing the German transport planes landing at the Fornebu airport from his brother Arne Næss's house in Holmenkollen.
He was the second of four children born to Paul Steenstrup Koht ( 1844 – 1892 ), an educator and politician, and Betty Giæver ( 1845 – 1936 ), a part-time teacher with a penchant for singing, languages and drawing.
Disenchanted with the loveless union, Koht entered several extramarital friendships in the following decade, often pen friends.
Koht graduated with a cand. philol.
Koht was going to start his tenure as a docent, but argued with Waldemar Christofer Brøgger that he deserved to travel abroad first.
Having never adhered to Christianity in his adolescent or adult life, Koht started to feel solidarity with the labor movement and the working classes, leading to the radicalization of his views: from 1900 he voted for the Norwegian Labor Party, and had four years prior to that began to consider himself a socialist.
Koht ( left ) with Cordell Hull, 1937.
Koht teamed up with the conservative politician C. J. Hambro, who had edited Nordmanns-Forbundets tidsskrift to which Koht had contributed.
When Koht in 1938 attempted to establish a trade agreement with Franco, he was blocked by his own party and the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions.
Again requesting to be allowed to resign, Koht stayed after months of debating ended with the party giving the cabinet free rein to do what it saw as best with regards to trade with Franco.
By October 1938 Koht had negotiated a trade agreement with Franco.
Shortly before the mining was carried out, Koht warned the British that no further neutrality violations would be tolerated, and that in the future the Norwegians would respond with force.
Koht personally met with Bräuer, and rejected his demands and threats of war, stating that " war had already started ".
When the rest of the government fled from Molde to Tromsø, landing on 1 May, Koht and Ljungberg ( Minister of Defense ) continued from there with the cruiser HMS Glasgow to London.
During a meeting with the Swedish minister of foreign affairs, Christian Günther, who was to act as a middle man with Germans in relation to the plan, Koht revealed that the Allies were about to evacuate Norway.
Koht and speech
Koht also made a radio speech from London on the BBC, broadcasting to Norway, and a speech on American radio.
Koht and which
In 1910, Koht completed the dissertation Bonde mot borgar i nynorsk historie, in which he further developed his theories on the role of the farmers in history.
After the League of Nations failed as an effective international body, Koht again favored the strict neutrality policy to which Norway had adhered before the League of Nations membership.
In 1936 Koht expressed great concern for the consequences of the arms race taking place in Europe, which he felt could easily lead to war.
Vital to the Norwegian effort to try to halt the German advance was assistance from the Allies, which Koht requested in the early hours of 9 April, although skeptical of the potential of Allied aid.
According to historian Kåre Lunden, Koht was much hated by many because of his language reforms, which were routinely perceived as attacks and degradations on their preferred language.
Koht and Allies
Koht told the Norwegian parliament that he believed that the Allies were trying to bring Norway into the war.
Koht and had
The German demand that Norway accept the " protection of the Reich " was rebuffed by Koht and the Norwegian government before dawn had broken on the morning of invasion.
One child died in infancy, but the remaining two had distinguished careers: Åse Gruda Skard ( née Koht ) became a child psychologist and Paul Koht an ambassador.
Koht had the choice between Ancient Greek and Classical Latin or Norwegian and German ( including Norse ); he chose the Norwegian and German.
Because Koht had internal opponents at the university, the docenture was designated to cover " cultural history " instead of " history ".
Koht argued that the peasant movement had abandoned the cause of class interest in favour of universal rights and social reforms.
The same perspective had to be applied to the struggle of the labor movement, Koht maintained.
He did so because fellow historian and Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1928, Edvard Bull, Sr., had died, making Koht the " Foreign Minister-designate ".
In foreign policy matters Koht and Nygaardsvold usually made decisions without consulting the other ministers, merely informing the rest of the cabinet of the decisions that had been made.
Koht was informed by British Minister to Norway Sir Cecil Dormer on 1 June that the Allied Forces had decided to retreat from Norway, owing to the difficult situation at the Western Front.
A schism between him and the rest of the cabinet grew as it also became known that Koht's Ministry of Foreign Affairs had received reports of a possible forthcoming assault on Norway, without Koht having informed the cabinet thoroughly.
Trygve Lie, who after the war had become the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, characterized Koht in his memoirs as an expert on foreign affairs, but introvert.
Koht had few or no alternatives to his neutrality policy, and in many ways he based his entire career in foreign affairs on that policy.
Trygve Lie claimed that before the Second World War, the neutrality policy had " become a religion " for Koht.
Koht and gain
On 9 April 1937, following a series of incidents where Francoist warships intercepted Norwegian vessels sailing on Spanish ports and confiscated both cargoes and ships, and Norwegian protests failing to gain results, Koht made a formal proposal to dispatch the Norwegian minelayer Olav Tryggvason to Spain to protect Norwegian shipping.
Koht and by
In 1945, he was mentioned by Halvdan Koht among seven candidates that were qualified for the Nobel Peace Prize.
In 1945, he was mentioned by Halvdan Koht among seven candidates that were qualified for the Nobel Prize in Peace.
In 1945, he was mentioned by Halvdan Koht among seven candidates that were qualified for the Nobel Prize in Peace.
* Koht: A former troll commander, Koht becomes the governor of Ankharan, after his predecessor is executed by Mordath for his incompetence.
Determined not to suffer the same fate, Koht attempts to crush the rebels who oppose him, but is killed in battle by Rahm.
In December 1896 Koht was finally examined by Sophus Bugge and earned his degree.
The strict non-intervention policy promoted by Koht and Prime Minister Nygaardsvold was heavily criticized by forces within the Labor Party.
On 19 September 1936, Koht attempted to have the League of Nations impose a ceasefire in Spain, to be followed by a popular referendum on the country's constitution.
Although Günther never revealed the evacuation plans to the Germans, Koht was heavily criticized for doing so by his colleagues upon his return to Norway.
Koht was granted leave of absence on 19 November 1940, and ultimately left the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs on 20 February 1941, being succeeded by Trygve Lie.
Koht reportedly preferred to solve a problem by himself instead of involving co-workers and employees, even the experts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Since Koht lived in Lysaker, Bærum Municipality wanted to honor him by naming a street after him.
Two works by Koht have been released posthumously: the memoirs Minne frå unge år in 1968 and the diary Rikspolitisk dagbok 1933 – 1940 in 1985.
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