Kekulé, A. S. Couper, A. M. Butlerov, and Hermann Kolbe, building on the theory of radicals, developed the theory of valency, originally called " combining power ", in which compounds were joined owing to an attraction of positive and negative poles.

However, in 1845, Adolph Kolbe succeeded in making acetic acid from inorganic compounds, and in the 1850s, Marcellin Berthelot repeated this feat for numerous organic compounds.

Analytical problems, such as the isolation of certain organic radicals, attracted his attention at first, but he soon turned to chemical syntheses, and he was only about twenty-five years of age when an investigation, doubtless suggested by the work of his master, Robert Bunsen and Hermann Kolbe, on cacodyl, yielded the interesting discovery of organometallic compounds.

Kolbe electrolysis or Kolbe reaction is an organic reaction named after Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe.

Examples of organic reactions that can take place in an electrochemical cell are the Kolbe electrolysis

Researchers seeking to rebut accusations of anti-Semitism often point to the fact that Kolbe sheltered Jewish refugees during the war, and, according to one person who worked close to him: " When Jews came to me asking for a piece of bread, I asked Father Maximilian if I could give it to them in good conscience, and he answered me, ' Yes, it is necessary to do this because all men are our brothers.

In 1949, Kolbe tried to settle in the U. S., but could not find suitable work.

He never used the first two of his given names, preferring to be known as Hermann Kolbe.

Kolbe decided to build the monastery on a mountainside that, according to Shinto beliefs, was not the side best suited to be in harmony with nature.

The devotions, and the associated prayers, continued into the 20th century, e. g. in the Immaculata prayer of Saint Maximillian Kolbe and in the reported messages of Our Lady of Fatima which stated that the Heart of Jesus wishes to be honored together with the Heart of Mary.

While Kolbe had been re-elected with almost no difficulty, it had been expected to be very competitive if he ever retired.

The devotions, and the associated prayers, continued into the 20th century, e. g. in the Immaculata prayer of Saint Maximillian Kolbe and in the reported messages of Our Lady of Fatima which stated that the Heart of Jesus wishes to be honored together with the Heart of Mary.

On March 20 of that year, Arizona Republican Representative Jim Kolbe introduced legislation calling for more dollar coins to be minted.

As editor of the Journal für praktische Chemie ( Journal of practical chemistry, from 1870 to 1884 ), Kolbe was sometimes so severely critical of the work of others, especially after about 1874, that some wondered whether he might have been suffering a mental illness.

" Our patron, St. Maximilian Kolbe, inspires us with his unique Mariology and apostolic mission, which is to bring all souls to the Sacred Heart of Christ through the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Christ's most pure, efficient, and holy instrument of evangelization – especially those most estranged from the Church.

James Thomas " Jim " Kolbe ( born June 28, 1942 ) is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for Arizona's 8th congressional district, serving 11 terms from 1985 to 2007.

In mid-1982, Kolbe resigned from the state Senate to run in the newly created.

Kolbe has received some media attention as one of the foremost promoters of eliminating the penny from circulation.

* Jim Kolbe, ( 1942 – ), Congressman from Arizona from 1985 to 2007

Maximilian Kolbe commemorated on a West Germany | West German Postage stamp | stamp from 1973.

Several demographic studies, including those by social work researcher Athena Kolbe have shed light on the current status of urban residents.

Carvings by famous names like Junghanel, Klaus Mertens, Karl, Olaf Kolbe, Petersen, Christian Ulbricht and especially the Steinbach nutcrackers have become collectors ' items.

Edith Stein and Maximilian Kolbe, stained glass by Alois Plum in Kassel.

Father Kolbe was beatified as a confessor by Pope Paul VI in 1971 and canonized as a martyr by Pope John Paul II on 10 October 1982, with Franciszek Gajowniczek in attendance.

O. F. M. I Friars are even taught basic Polish so they can sing the traditional hymns sung by Kolbe, in the saint's native tongue.

The word synthesis in the present day meaning was first used by the chemist Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe.

Kolbe had approached the British first but, suspicious, the British considered him a plant by Nazi counterintelligence.

Under American guidance rendered by Dulles, however, Kolbe became a valuable source of quality information, e. g., regarding German secret weapons, coding, and war strategy.

Buoyed by Ronald Reagan's massive national landslide that year ( Reagan carried the 5th with 60 percent of the vote ), Kolbe won by 6, 000 votes, becoming the first and so far only Republican to represent the Arizona-Mexico border region in the House.

Kolbe came out as gay in August 1996 after his vote in favor of the Defense of Marriage Act spurred efforts by some gay rights activists to out him .< ref name =" dunlap ">

Kolbe ’ s reporting on the mood in Berlin and character analysis was particularly prized by the Americans, according to James Srodes, author of Allen Dulles: Master of Spies.

This is where the statue by Georg Kolbe sits.

File: Pavelló Mies 04. JPG | Alba by Georg Kolbe

The Kolbe – Schmitt reaction / Kolbe process ( named after Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt ) is a carboxylation chemical reaction that proceeds by heating sodium phenolate ( the sodium salt of phenol ) with carbon dioxide under pressure ( 100 atm, 125 ° C ), then treating the product with sulfuric acid.

The Kolbe reaction is formally a decarboxylative dimerisation and proceeds by a radical reaction mechanism.

To that end, the effects team was aided by Hollywood's Marc Kolbe and Craig Mumma, and the stunts were choreographed by Chinese martial arts film expert Tony Ching.

The guests on the station were voiced by: Lucien Jones, Karin Bykowski, Hank Stewart, Abbi Davis, Mellowvision. com, Paul Maloney, bernieS, Frank Fava, Kit Halsted, Joe Casalino, Dan Houser, Jay Crutcher, Frank Chavez, DJ Rush, Laura Bykowski, A. M. Watson, Navid Khonsari, Sherry Wohglmuth, Porkchop, Renaud Sebbane, Kyle MacLachlan, Sabby, Kim Schaefer, Debi Mazar, Nick Mandelos, David Connell, Reed Tucker, Jennifer Kolbe, Ami Plasse, Keith Broadus, Cameo Carlson, JD Leeds and Michael Madsen.

Niepokalanów ( City of the Immaculate Mother of God ) is a Roman Catholic religious community in Teresin ( near Warsaw ), Poland founded in 1927 by Friar Minor Conventual Friar Maximilian Kolbe, who was later canonized as a saint of the Catholic Church.

Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe ( September 27, 1818 – November 25, 1884 ) was a German chemist.

Kolbe was born in Elliehausen, near Göttingen, Kingdom of Hanover ( Germany ) as the eldest son of a Protestant pastor.

In 1851 Kolbe succeeded Bunsen as professor of chemistry at Marburg, and in 1865 he was called to the University of Leipzig.

He worked on the electrolysis of the salts of fatty and other acids ( Kolbe electrolysis ) and prepared salicylic acid, a building block of aspirin in a process called Kolbe synthesis or Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.

A certain method for the synthesis of nitriles is called the Kolbe nitrile synthesis.

Hermann Kolbe was the first person to use the word synthesis in the present day meaning.

Among them were Georg Ludwig Carius, Heinrich Limpricht, Rudolph Fittig, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, Albert Niemann, and Vojtěch Šafařík.

* 1643 – Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Prussia ( d. 1712 )

Some chemists, notably Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, heavily criticized the use of structural formulas that were offered, as he thought, without proof.

* 1894 – Saint Maximilian Kolbe, Polish martyr ( d. 1941 )

He is commemorated as a martyr in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 14 August, alongside Maximilian Kolbe.

The OSS also recruited and ran one of the war's most important spies, the German diplomat Fritz Kolbe.

* 1818 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist ( d. 1884 )

After graduation in 1860 he went to Germany for two years where he studied under Richard Erlenmeyer and Hermann Kolbe.