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Koxinga ( Lord of the Imperial Surname ) is the customary Western spelling of the popular appellation of Zheng Chenggong, a Chinese military leader who was born in 1624 in Hirado, Japan to Chinese merchant / pirate Zheng Zhilong and his Japanese wife, and died in 1662 on the Island of Formosa ( Taiwan ).
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Koxinga and Imperial
In 1644, Koxinga studied at the Imperial Nanking University, where he met and became a student of the scholar Qian Qianyi.
Koxinga and is
The stone beside which she gave birth still exists today as the Koxinga Child Birth Stone Tablet ( 鄭成功兒誕石碑 ), which is 80-cm tall and 3-metre wide, and submerged during high tides.
Tagawa Matsu raised Koxinga in Japan by herself until he was seven, and her closeness with her son is evident in some of the accomplishment and decisions Koxinga made in his adult life.
In Koxinga Memorial Temple ( 鄭成功祠 ) in Tainan, Taiwan, Tagawa Matsu's ancestral tablet is placed in a chamber called the Shrine of Queen Dowager Weng ( 翁太妃祠 ).
The title " queen dowager " is a posthumous title based on the princeship / kingship of Koxinga ( Prince-King of Yanping Prefecture ) in the Southern Ming Empire.
In addition, there is a museum dedicated to Koxinga, Haidi Shijie ( 海底世界 ) Marine World, a subtropical garden containing plants introduced by overseas Chinese, as well as Xiamen Museum, formerly the Eight Diagrams Tower ( 八卦樓 ).
Furthermore, there is evidence that a 500-strong battalion of former slaves were instrumental in guarding the 17th century Ming dynasty loyalist Koxinga.
In the West, it was known as the Kingdom of Taiwan, and the period of rule is sometimes referred to as the Koxinga Dynasty.
It is estimated that prior to Koxinga ’ s invasion the population of Taiwan was no greater than 100, 000 people, yet the initial Zheng army with family and retainers that settled in Taiwan is estimated to be 30, 000 at minimum.
On Taiwan, there are also descendants of Hui who came with Koxinga who no longer observe Islam, the Taiwan branch of the Guo ( romanized as Kuo in Taiwan ) family is not Muslim, but still does not offer pork at ancestral shrines.
Koxinga and Western
Both Koxinga and the Manchu rulers established a feudal system, which in its view began to disintegrate with the introduction of 19th century Western capital into the island.
Koxinga and Zheng
In 1662, Zheng Chenggong ( also known as Koxinga ) expelled the Dutch from Taiwan.
Zheng Jing, the son of Koxinga, renamed the village Wannian Zhou () in 1664.
In 1662, Koxinga ( Zheng Cheng-gong ), a loyalist of the Ming Dynasty, which had lost control of mainland China in 1644, defeated the Dutch and established a base of operations on the island.
Koxinga was born to Zheng Zhilong, a Chinese merchant and pirate, and Tagawa Matsu, a Japanese woman, in 1624 in Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.
The Dutch period ended in 1662 when Ming loyalist forces of Zheng Chenggong ( Koxinga ) drove out the Dutch and established the short-lived Zheng family kingdom on Taiwan.
Koxinga, also known as Zheng Chenggong, was a military leader from the Ming government located in the coastal region, capable of threatening the Qing.
In 1624, Koxinga, whose name at birth was Zheng Sen, was born in Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan to Zheng Zhilong, a Chinese merchant and pirate, and a Japanese woman, only known as being surnamed Tagawa.
In 1661, a naval fleet of 400 junks and 25, 000 men led by the Ming loyalist Zheng Chenggong ( Cheng Ch ' eng-kung in Wade-Giles, known in the West as Koxinga ), arrived in Taiwan to oust the Dutch from Zeelandia.
On 30 April 1661, General Zheng Chenggong (" Koxinga ") of Ming China ( 1368-1644 ) laid siege to the fortress ( defended by 2, 000 Dutch soldiers ) with 400 warships and 25, 000 men.
Shi Lang served most of the early 1640s in the Zheng family's fleet, where he apparently saw some conflict with Zheng Zhilong's son Koxinga ( Zheng Chenggong ).
He was the eldest son of Koxinga and grandson of pirate-merchant Zheng Zhilong.
A pro-Ming Dynasty state, it was founded by Koxinga ( also known as Zheng Chenggong ) ( 鄭成功 ) after the Ming government in mainland China was replaced by the Manchu-ruled Qing Dynasty.
Zheng Zhilong, a Ming admiral and father of Koxinga, accepted the Qing offer, but was later arrested and executed for not ceding control to the Qing cause of his military forces for which he was made the offer.
Formosa ( Taiwan ) was also renamed by Koxinga as Dong Du, the " Eastern Capital ", though this name was later changed by his song, Zheng Jing, to Dong Ning.
Following the death of Koxinga in 1662 due to malaria, his son Zheng Jing took over the Zheng regime in Taiwan, leading the remaining 7, 000 Ming loyalist troops to Taiwan.
Zheng Keshuang ( 鄭克塽, 1670 – 1717 pinyin: Zhèng Kèshuǎng ) was the son of Zheng Jing ( 鄭經 ) and a grandson of Koxinga ( 鄭成功 ).
Koxinga and Chenggong
When the Ming Dynasty was overthrown by the Qing Dynasty, Ming loyalists, notably Zheng Chenggong or Koxinga ( 鄭成功 / 郑成功 ), fled to Taiwan to raise troops in the hope of eventually retaking China for the Ming.
Koxinga and Chinese
* 1662 – The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege.
According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang.
* Koxinga, Chinese military leader ( d. 1662 )
* February 1 – The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the Dutch Fort Zealandia on the island of Taiwan after a 9-month siege, then establishes the Kingdom of Tungning.
* In the second month of the first year ( 1661 ) of Kangxi, Qing court issued the emperor's decree: The sea shore inhabitants will be ordered to move inland 50 Li ( Chinese: 里 ; translation: mile ), to curb their links with the Taiwan rebels ( Koxinga ).
Tagawa Matsu ( 田川松 ), or Weng-shi ( 翁氏 ) ( 1601-1646 ), was the mother of Koxinga, a Chinese national hero, and Tagawa Shichizaemon ( 田川七左衛門 ), a servant to a Japanese feudal lord.
In anticipation of an invasion from the Chinese pirate-warlord Koxinga, that was expected to devastate Manila, the Spanish authorities withdrew all stations in the south of the country to augment their forces holed up in Intramuros, temporarily freeing Zamboanga and Isabela from direct Spanish administration in 1663.
The Spanish garrisons, along with a number of priests and their chosen local people, evacuated and returned to fort Cavite to help defend Manila Intramuros from a threatened invasion by Chinese pirate Koxinga, which never happened.
In 1662, Chinese and European arms clashed when a Ming-loyalist army of 25, 000 led by Koxinga forced Dutch East India Company garrison of 2, 000 on Taiwan into surrender, after a final assault during seven month long siege.
Replacing the Dutch system of government previously used in Taiwan, Koxinga instituted a Ming-style administration, the first Chinese governance in Taiwan.
In 1662, the Chinese pirate, Cheng Ch ' eng-kung, ( Koxinga ), attacked several towns on Luzon's coast and demanded tribute from the colonial government, threatening to attack Manila if his demands were not met.
Although most of the Manila Chinese distanced themselves from the pretensions of Koxinga, and in the end the invasion did not materialize, an increasing anti-Chinese sentiment grew within much of the population and hordes of locals massacred hundreds of Chinese in the Manila area.
Koxinga and military
Koxinga hoped to use the island as a base of operations to train military forces and recapture the mainland from the Manchus.
To address this problem, Koxinga instituted a " military colony " policy in which soldiers served the dual role of farmer when not assigned active duty in a guard battalion.
Koxinga, from 1646 was on the island Wu Mountain society civil and military in order to recover the Ming Dynasty and overthrow the Qing dynasty.
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