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Krakatoa is directly above the subduction zone of the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate where the plate boundaries make a sharp change of direction, possibly resulting in an unusually weak crust in the region.
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Krakatoa and is
Krakatoa () is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Dutch East Indies ( modern Indonesia ).
Currently, the Krakatoa volcano has re-emerged from the ocean, and is the principal force in the on-going formation of a new island, Anakrakatoa, or " Child of Krakatoa ".
Eruptions at the volcano since 1927 have built a new island at the same location, named Anakrakatau ( which is Indonesian for " Child of Krakatoa ").
Although there are earlier descriptions of an island in the Sunda Strait with a " pointed mountain ," the earliest mention of Krakatoa by name in the western world was on a 1611 map by Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer, who labelled the island " Pulo Carcata " ( pulo is the Sundanese word for " island ").
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program cites the Indonesian name, Krakatau, as the correct name, but says that Krakatoa is often employed.
While Krakatoa is more common in the English-speaking world, the Indonesian Krakatau tends to be favored by others, including geologists.
There is no geological evidence of a Krakatoa eruption of this size around that time ; it may describe loss of land which previously joined Java to Sumatra across what is now the narrow east end of the Sunda Strait ; or it may be a mistaken date, referring to a later eruption in 535 AD, for which there is some corroborating historical evidence.
In June 1957, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons by Samuel Glasstone was published containing a section entitled " Nuclear Bombs and the Weather " ( pages 69 – 71 ), which states: " The dust raised in severe volcanic eruptions, such as that at Krakatoa in 1883, is known to cause a noticeable reduction in the sunlight reaching the earth ...
The amount of debris remaining in the atmosphere after the explosion of even the largest nuclear weapons is probably not more than about 1 percent or so of that raised by the Krakatoa eruption.
This is equivalent to 1, 400 times the combined power of the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 10 times the combined power of all the conventional explosives used in WWII, or one quarter of the estimated yield of the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.
In the Time Tunnel episode, " The Crack of Doom ", Tony and Doug try to convince scientists studying the volcano Krakatoa, that it is about to erupt cataclysmically.
The strait is dotted by a number of strait islands, including Sangiang ( Thwart-the-Way ), Sebesi, Sebuku, Panaitan ( Prince's ) and most notably, the Krakatau Islands: Lang ( Panjang or Rakata Kecil ), Verlaten ( Sertung ), Krakatau, and Anak Krakatoa.
It is suggested that an eruption of Krakatoa attributed to the year 416 by the Javanese Book of Kings actually took place at this time – there is no other evidence of such an eruption in 416.
A natural " blank slate " is not easily found, but a classic series of studies on founder population effects were done following the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, which erased all life on the island.
The final explosion at 10: 02am on August 27 destroys the island of Krakatoa itself and is heard up to 3000 miles away.
It is believed that the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, which obliterated most of the volcanic island and created the loudest sound in recorded history, was a phreatic event.
Rakata () is a collapsed stratovolcano of the Indonesian island of Krakatoa () in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java.
Krakatoa, East of Java ( 1969 ) is a disaster historical film starring Maximilian Schell and Brian Keith.
Krakatoa is, in fact, west of Java.
Furthermore, the film aided in popularizing the Krakatoa spelling of the name of the island / volcano, a spelling which is probably based upon a misconception.
Krakatoa and above
By about the 15th century BC a massive volcanic explosion known as the Minoan eruption blew the island of Thera apart, casting more than four times the amount of ejecta as the explosion of Krakatoa and generating a tsunami in the enclosed Aegean that threw pumice up to 250 meters above sea level onto the slopes of Anaphi, 27 km to the east.
Since the island's highest point is only above sea level, it would have been severely affected by the tsunami associated with the Krakatoa eruption in 1883, as well as by the massive volcanic debris.
Krakatoa and where
Subsequent activity of Krakatoa seems to be limited to the area that had been between Danan and Perboewatan, where Anak Krakatoa has arisen, starting in 1927.
Krakatoa and make
He had formed a production company to make Krakatoa, but he permitted that company to go out of business because he had no further projects envisioned for it.
Krakatoa and change
* Reports of the eruption of Krakatoa ( Java ), which possibly lead to several years of climate change ( see Climate changes of 535 – 536 ), are recorded in the Javanese Book of Kings.
Krakatoa and possibly
David Keys, Ken Wohletz, and others have postulated that a violent volcanic eruption, possibly of Krakatoa, in 535 may have been responsible for the global climate changes of 535 – 536.
* Climate changes of 535 – 536 CE have been linked to the effects of a volcanic eruption, possibly at Krakatoa.
* T. a. javanica – Malay Peninsula through the southern Greater Sunda Islands including Kangean Islands, Krakatoa and the Thousand Islands ; also Alor Archipelago, Kalao and Tanahjampea in the Selayar Islands, Kalaotoa, and possibly S Borneo.
Scientists speculate that this could have been the effects of a Tsunami possibly caused by Krakatoa 535 AD event.
Krakatoa and resulting
* May to August, 1883: Krakatoa, a volcano in Indonesia, erupted cataclysmically ; 36, 000 people were killed, the majority being killed by the resulting tsunami.
Krakatoa and .
After the eruption of the volcano Krakatoa in 1883, a remarkable series of red sunsets appeared worldwide.
Even small caldera-forming eruptions, such as Krakatoa in 1883 or Mount Pinatubo in 1991, may result in significant local destruction and a noticeable drop in temperature around the world.
The Krakatoa volcano exploded in 1883, killing an estimated 36, 417 people and destroying 2 / 3 of Krakatoa island.
The most notable eruptions of Krakatoa culminated in a series of massive explosions August 26 – 27, 1883, which were among the most violent volcanic events in recorded history.
According to official records, 165 villages and towns were destroyed near Krakatoa, and 132 were seriously damaged.
The eruption destroyed two-thirds of the island of Krakatoa.
Later, at least two more cones ( Perboewatan and Danan ) formed and eventually joined with Rakata, forming the main island of Krakatoa.
At the time of the 1883 eruption, the Krakatoa group comprised Lang, Verlaten, and Krakatoa itself, an island long by wide.
There were also the tree-covered islet near Lang ( Poolsche Hoed ) and several small rocky islets or banks between Krakatoa and Verlaten.
There were three volcanic cones on Krakatoa island: Rakata, () to the south ; Danan, () near the center ; and Perboewatan, () to the north.
Thornton mentions that Krakatoa was known as " The Fire Mountain " during Java's Sailendra dynasty, with records of seven eruptive events between the 9th and 16th centuries.
Neither Vogel nor Hesse mention Krakatoa in any real detail in their other passages, and no other travelers at the time mention an eruption or evidence of one.
* 1883 – Krakatoa begins to erupt.
The scientists of this group observed the transit of Venus and recorded waves produced by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.
Both Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and Krakatoa in 1883 were VEI-6 with and DRE, respectively.
* 1883 – 1888, colder temperatures worldwide, including an unbroken string of abnormally cold and brutal winters in the Upper Midwest, related to the explosion of Krakatoa in August 1883.
* August 26 – August 28 – Krakatoa or Krakatau volcano erupts at 10: 02 AM ( local time ); 163 villages are destroyed, 36, 380 killed.
0.199 seconds.