Peccei persuaded the Austrian Chancellor, Bruno Kreisky, to host a meeting on North-South problems in February 1974 in Salzburg, Austria.

However, it lost it in 1970, when SPÖ leader Bruno Kreisky formed a minority government tolerated by the FPÖ.

In March 1938 the Austrian state was incorporated in Germany, and in September Kreisky escaped the Nazi persecution of Austrian Jews during Holocaust by emigrating to Sweden, where he remained until 1945.

Kreisky turned 70 in 1981, and by this time the voters had become increasingly uncomfortable they saw as his complacency and preoccupation with international issues.

Many of his former supporters see in Kreisky the last socialist of the old school and look back nostalgically at an era when the standard of living was noticeably rising, when the welfare state was in full swing and when, by means of a state-funded programme promoting equality of opportunity, working class children were encouraged to stay on at school and eventually receive higher education, all this resulting in a decade of prosperity and optimism about the future.

This ushered in a period of Socialist-led governments for the next 13 years, led by the charismatic Bruno Kreisky who would become one of the most important statesmen of the Second Republic.

| width =" 30 %" align =" center " | Succeeded by: Bruno Kreisky

He joined a coalition, initiated by Kreisky, with the Austrian Freedom Party ( Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ ) which was then run by liberals.

In a letter dated November 30, 1977 to the mayor of Vienna, Leopold Gratz, the federal chancellor at the time, Bruno Kreisky, suggested that Hundertwasser be given the opportunity to realize his ideas in the field of architecture by allowing him to build a housing project, whereupon Leopold Gratz, in a letter of December 15, 1977, invited Hundertwasser to create an apartment building according to his own ideas.

| width =" 30 %" align =" center " | Preceded by: Bruno Kreisky

* Austrian legislative election, 1975: The Social Democratic Party of Austria, led by Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, retained its slim majority in the lower house of Parliament, with 93 of the 183 seats.

Kreisky, himself Jewish, responded by attacking Wiesenthal as a Nestbeschmutzer ( someone who dirties his own nest ).

Chancellor Kreisky, who had himself been persecuted by the Nazis, defended Peter and accused Wiesenthal of employing mafia methods and of collaboration with the Gestapo.

Former Austrian Jewish chancellor Bruno Kreisky called the World Jewish Congress's actions an " extraordinary infamy " adding that in election, Austrians " won't allow the Jews abroad to order us about and tell us who should be our President.

Kreisky was born in Margareten, a district of Vienna, to a liberal Jewish family.

In 1967, neo-Nazi Austrian leader Norbert Burger declared that he had no objections to Kreisky despite his Jewish background, claiming that he was simply a " German " and neither a religious Jew or a Zionist.

Conservatives criticise Kreisky's policy of deficit spending, expressed in his famous comment during the 1979 election campaign that he preferred that the state run up high debts rather than see people become unemployed, and hold Kreisky responsible for Austria's subsequent economic difficulties.

Today, the economic policies of the Kreisky era are often criticized, as the accumulation of a large national debt began, and non-profitable nationalized industries were strongly subsidized.

His parents were Max Kreisky ( 1876-1944 ) and Irene Felix Kreisky ( 1884-1969 ).

While imprisoned for his socialist activities during the Dollfuss regime, many of his cellmates were active Nazis, and Kreisky accepted them as fellow political opponents.

When Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal reported that four members of Kreisky's cabinet were former Nazis, Kreisky didn't remove them from the government, though one did resign.

Besides Bruno Kreisky, the following heads of state of government were present in Salzburg: Leopold Senghor, President of Senegal ; Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico ; Joop den Uyl, Prime Minister of the Netherlands ; Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden ; Pierre Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada ; as well as the representatives of the Prime Ministers of Algeria and Ireland.

In the meeting were present Olof Palme, Harold Wilson, Helmut Schmidt, Bruno Kreisky, Joop den Uyl, Trygve Bratteli, Anker Jørgensen, Yitzhak Rabin, Hans Janitschek, Willy Brandt, James Callaghan, François Mitterrand, Bettino Craxi and Mário Soares.

In 1975, after Wiesenthal had released a report on FPÖ party chairman Friedrich Peter's Nazi past, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky suggested Wiesenthal was part of a " certain mafia " seeking to besmirch Austria and even claimed Wiesenthal had collaborated with Nazis and the Gestapo to survive.

Kreisky was notable for his apologetic approach to former Nazi party members and contemporary far-right Austrian politicians.

Following his election in 1970, Kreisky wanted to demonstrate that he was indeed " Chancellor of all Austrians ", and appointed four politicians with Nazi backgrounds to his cabinet.

* Years Bruno Kreisky For the 100 ´ th Birthday of Bruno Kreisky — Overview about his political work

* 1911 – Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria ( d. 1990 )

** Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria ( d. 1990 )

Some of the University's better-known students include: Christian Doppler, Kurt Adler, Franz Alt, Bruno Bettelheim, Rudolf Bing, Lucian Blaga, Josef Breuer, F. F. Bruce, Elias Canetti, Ivan Cankar, Otto Maria Carpeaux, Felix Ehrenhaft, Mihai Eminescu, Paul Feyerabend, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Ernst Gombrich, Kurt Gödel, Erich Göstl, Franz Grillparzer, Jörg Haider, Edmund Husserl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Marie Jahoda, Elfriede Jelinek, Percy Lavon Julian, Karl Kautsky, Elisabeth Kehrer, Hans Kelsen, Rudolf Kirchschläger, Arthur Koestler, Jernej Kopitar, Karl Kordesch, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Richard Kuhn, Paul Lazarsfeld, Gustav Mahler, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Lise Meitner, Gregor Mendel, Franz Mesmer, Franc Miklošič, Alois Mock, Matija Murko, Pope Pius III, Maxim Podoprigora, Hans Popper, Karl Popper, Otto Preminger, Wilhelm Reich, Peter Safar, Mordkhe Schaechter, Arthur Schnitzler, Albin Schram, Wolfgang Schüssel, Joseph Schumpeter, Theodor Herzl, John J. Shea, Jr., Adalbert Stifter, Yemima Tchernovitz-Avidar, Kurt Waldheim, Otto Weininger, Stefan Zweig, and Huldrych Zwingli.

In the 1970s, Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky inaugurated the Vienna International Centre, a new area of the city created to host international institutions.

Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany ( West Germany ) Helmut Schmidt, Chairman of the Council of State of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) Erich Honecker, U. S. president Gerald Ford and Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky

Hass was the recipient of the World Press Freedom Hero award from the International Press Institute in 2000, the Bruno Kreisky Human Rights Award in 2002, the UNESCO / Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize in 2003, the inaugural award from the Anna Lindh Memorial Fund in 2004 and Hrant Dink Memorial Award in 2009.

Bruno Kreisky ( January 22, 1911 – July 29, 1990 ) was an Austrian politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983.

Kreisky was elected to the Austrian parliament, the Nationalrat as a Socialist during the 1956 election.

Kreisky left office in 1966, when the ÖVP under Josef Klaus won an absolute majority in the Nationalrat.

At the March 1970 elections, the Socialists won a plurality ( but not a majority ) of seats, and Kreisky became Chancellor, heading only the second purely left-wing government in Austria.

Kreisky declined to form a minority government and resigned, nominating Fred Sinowatz, his Minister of Education, as his successor.

Kreisky ( left ) with Abul Fateh in Vienna, 1962.

In office, Kreisky and his close ally, Justice Minister Christian Broda, pursued a policy of liberal reform, in a country which had a tradition of conservative Roman Catholicism.

* based on varying interpretations of the Three Oaths, whether Zionism is part of Judaism or opposed to it, and defining the role of the modern State of Israel in Judaism

Political parties could be established as long as they opposed colonialism, imperialism, neo-colonialism, Zionism, racial discrimination, apartheid and fascism.

Concerned by the new social and religious changes of the Haskalah ( secularising movement ), and emerging political ideologies such as Zionism, that often opposed traditional Judaism, the masters of Mussar saw a need to augment Talmudic study with more personal works.

Before World War II, Deutscher opposed Zionism as economically retrograde and harmful to the cause of international socialism, but in the aftermath of the Holocaust he regretted his pre-war views, and argued a case for establishing Israel as a " historic necessity " to provide a home for the surviving Jews of Europe.

The term was often used with a pejorative connotation by adherents of Socialist Zionism, who were strongly opposed to " the boazim " and counterposed to them the collective Kibbutz and cooperative Moshav forms of agricultural settlement.

From as early as 1920, in order to secure the independence of Palestine as an Arab state he actively opposed Zionism, and was implicated as a leader of a violent riot that broke out over the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

One source describes these effects as, “ The emancipation of the Jews brought forth two opposed movements: the cultural assimilation, begun by Moses Mendelssohn, and Zionism, founded by Theodor Herzl in 1896 .”

Isaacs said " olitical Zionism to which I am irrevocably opposed for the reasons which will be found clearly stated, must be sharply distinguished from religious and cultural Zionism to which I am strongly attached.

Isaacs opposed Zionism partly because he disliked nationalism of all kinds and saw Zionism as a form of Jewish national chauvinism — and partly because he saw the Zionist agitation in Palestine as disloyalty to the British Empire to which he was devoted.

Fred Jerome in his Einstein on Israel and Zionism: His Provocative Ideas About the Middle East argues that Einstein was a Cultural Zionist who supported the idea of a Jewish homeland but opposed the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine “ with borders, an army, and a measure of temporal power .” Instead, he preferred a bi-national state with “ continuously functioning, mixed, administrative, economic, and social organizations .” However Ami Isseroff in his article Was Einstein a Zionist argues that Einstein was not opposed to the state of Israel given that Einstein declared it “ the fulfillment of our dreams .” Perceiving its vulnerability after independence, he again set aside his pacifism in the name of human preservation, when president Harry Truman recognized Israel in May 1948. In the November 1948 presidential election Einstein supported former vice-president Henry A. Wallace ’ s Progressive Party, which advocated a pro-Soviet foreign policy – but which also at the time ( like the USSR ) strongly supported the new state of Israel.

Despite this, some Jews did not embrace Zionism before the 1930s and certain religious groups opposed it on the grounds that an attempt to re-establish Jewish rule in Israel by human agency was blasphemous.

It supports the Cuban Revolution and the withdrawal of Canada from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) and North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ), the independence of Quebec and is opposed to Zionism.

However, he was strongly opposed to Zionism, which he called " a mischievous political creed ", and opposed the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which he considered anti-semitic and whose terms he managed to modify.

He was opposed to Zionism.

Authors like Cook have argued that the one-state solution is opposed by Israel because the very nature of Zionism and Jewish nationalism calls for a Jewish majority state, whilst the two-state solution would require the difficult relocation of ' half a million Jewish settlers living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

Danny Goldstick is a member of Not In Our Name, a Jewish group opposed to Israeli Zionism

' Qattawi strongly opposed political Zionism and wrote a note on ' The Jewish Question ' to the World Jewish Congress in 1943 in which he argued that Palestine would be unable to absorb Europe's Jewish refugees.

A supporter of Revisionist Zionism, she ideologically opposed the Oslo Accords as well as the notion of relinquishing control over the West Bank.

Some territorialist leaders, such as Nachman Syrkin, supported the Socialist versions of Zionism, while some others, such as Lucien Wolf, actively opposed Zionism and promoted anti-nationalist ideas.