Krukenberg tumors are often ( over 80 %) found in both ovaries, consistent with its metastatic nature.

Krukenberg tumors can be seen in all age groups, with an average age of 45 years.

Krukenberg tumors account for about 15 % of metastatic cancers that initially appear to have arisen in the ovary, and as such is less common than metastasis arising from ovarian epithelial and germ-cell tumors.

In people who have had nongynecologic malignancy, approximately 20 % of adnexal masses are malignant, and 60 % of these are Krukenberg tumors.

Krukenberg tumors often come to the attention when they cause abdominal or pelvic pain, bloating, ascites, or pain during sexual intercourse.

Krukenberg tumors can occasionally provoke a reaction of the ovarian stroma which leads to hormone production, that results in vaginal bleeding, a change in menstrual habits, or hirsutism, or occasionally virilization as a main symptom.

The average age of diagnosis of Krukenberg tumors may partly relate to the relatively increased vascularity of the ovaries.

Microscopically, Krukenberg tumors are often characterized by mucin-secreting signet-ring cells in the tissue of the ovary ; when the primary tumor is discovered, the same signet-ring cells are typically found.

Krukenberg tumors are most commonly metastases from gastric cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma, or breast cancer particularly invasive lobular breast carcinoma, but they can arise in the appendix, colon, small intestine, rectum, gallbladder, and urinary bladder or gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas, ampulla of Vater or uterine cervix.

Immunohistochemistry may help in diagnosing Krukenberg tumors from primary ovarian neoplasms but needs to be applied with discretion.

Since Krukenberg tumors are secondary ( metastatic ), management might logically be driven by identifying and treating the primary cancer.

The optimal treatment of Krukenberg tumors is unclear.

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On 23 April the Reich Chancellery in Berlin ordered Krukenberg to proceed to the capital with his men, who were reorganized as Sturmbataillon (" assault battalion ") " Charlemagne ".

It was built by the Krukenberg engineering company.

Brigadeführer Krukenberg was appointed the commander of ( Berlin ) Defence Sector C on 25 April.

Given that Neukölln was heavily penetrated by Soviet combat groups, Krukenberg prepared fallback positions for Sector C defenders around Hermannplatz.

He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Krukenberg during a candlelight ceremony on a subway platform on 29 April.

The accident left him without hands and mostly deaf and blind when he was 19, forcing him to use Krukenberg hands.

On 25 April, Brigadeführer Gustav Krukenberg was appointed the commander of ( Berlin ) Defence Sector C which included the Nordland Division, whose previous commander Joachim Ziegler was relieved of his command the same day.

What was left of the Nordland Division under Krukenberg fought hard in that area but Soviet artillery and anti-tank guns dispatched the groups.

A Krukenberg tumor refers to a malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from a primary site, classically the gastrointestinal tract, although it can arise in other tissues such as the breast.

Only the battlegroup commanded by Krukenberg survived, as they retreated to the Baltic coast, and were evacuated by sea to Denmark and later sent to Neustrelitz for refitting.

Stomach cancer often metastasises to the ovary in women, then it is called a Krukenberg tumor.

Brigadeführer Gustav Krukenberg took actual command with Puaud ( now an SS Oberführer ) as nominal French commander.

In early April 1945, Krukenberg now commanded only about 700 men organized into a single infantry regiment with two battalions ( Battalions 57 and 58 ) and one heavy support battalion, without equipment.

These are very closely related to intrinsic pathway, and tumors arise more frequently through intrinsic pathway than the extrinsic pathway because of sensitivity.

As a result, the malignant cells experience an abnormal response to apoptosis induction: cycle regulating genes ( such as p53, ras or c-myc ) are mutated or inactivated in diseased cells, and further genes ( such as bcl-2 ) also modify their expression in tumors.

As chemotherapy affects cell division, tumors with high growth fractions ( such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the aggressive lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease ) are more sensitive to chemotherapy, as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any time.

Drugs affect " younger " tumors ( i. e., more differentiated ) more effectively, because mechanisms regulating cell growth are usually still preserved.

In radiation therapy, electron beams are generated by linear accelerators for treatment of superficial tumors.

Other causes associated with these age groups are stress, trauma, CNS infections, brain tumors, illicit drug use and alcohol withdrawal.

Other causes are CNS tumors, head trauma, and other degenerative diseases that are common in the older age group, such as dementia.

The most common surgeries are the resection of lesions like tumors or arteriovenous malformations, which, in the process of treating the underlying lesion, often result in control of epileptic seizures caused by these lesions.

As infectious diseases have become less lethal, and the most common causes of death in developed countries are now tumors and cardiovascular diseases, these conditions have received increased attention in medical research.

All interferons share several common effects ; they are antiviral agents and can fight tumors.

Once LEMS is diagnosed, investigations such as a CT scan of the chest are usually performed to identify any possible underlying lung tumors.

About 10 % of MG patients are found to have tumors in their thymus glands, in which case a thymectomy is a very effective treatment with long-term remission.

Light may also be used to produce high energy oxygen molecules which will chemically react with and destroy most organic molecules that are next to them ( like tumors ).

The possible causes are trauma, tumors and congenital defects.

Researchers are also interested in proteins that can fold into more than one stable configuration ; protein aggregation diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Disease as well as prion diseases such as Mad Cow disease can be better understood by constructing ( and deconstructing ) disease models ; the most common way of doing this is by developing a way of inducing the desired disease state in test animals ( administering MPTP to give the animals Parkinson's disease, or knocking out a gene essential for the prevention of certain tumors from the animals ' genomes ).

Cysts ( such as sebaceous cysts ) are also referred to as tumors, even though they have no neoplastic cells.

Vascular tumors are thus looked at as being amalgams of a solid skeleton formed by sticky cells and an organic liquid filling the spaces in which cells can grow.

Benign conditions that are not associated with an abnormal proliferation of tissue ( such as sebaceous cysts ) can also present as tumors, however, but have no malignant potential.

When such types of tumors are encountered, diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, angiograms, and nuclear medicine scans are employed prior to ( or during ) biopsy and / or surgical exploration / excision in an attempt to avoid such severe complications.

Radioisotopes are also a method of treatment in hemopoietic forms of tumors ; the success for treatment of solid tumors has been limited.

However, brain tumors ( even malignant ones ) are not invariably fatal, especially lipomas which are inherently benign.