Kuiper's test is used in statistics to test that whether a given distribution, or family of distributions, is contradicted by evidence from a sample of data.

The trick with Kuiper's test is to use the quantity D < sup >+</ sup > + D < sup >−</ sup > as the test statistic.

This small change makes Kuiper's test as sensitive in the tails as at the median and also makes it invariant under cyclic transformations of the independent variable.

This invariance under cyclic transformations makes Kuiper's test invaluable when testing for cyclic variations by time of year or day of the week or time of day, and more generally for testing the fit of, and differences between, circular probability distributions.

The test statistic, V, for Kuiper's test is defined as follows.

Kuiper's test, applied to the event times modulo one week, is able to detect such a pattern.

* Kuiper's test

One important aspect is that these may have simpler topological properties: see for example Kuiper's theorem.

It should not be confused with the space of ( bounded ) invertible operators on a Hilbert space, which is a larger group, and topologically much simpler, namely contractible — see Kuiper's theorem.

A minor glitch in Kuiper's commentary is about switch-hitters who are currently batting, claiming the batter hits better from one side, but when looking at the batter's power and / or contact stats, they actually hit better from the other side.

* Kuiper's theorem: If X is a compact topological space or has the homotopy type of a CW-Complex then every ( real or complex ) Hilbert space bundle over X is trivial.

The test of form is fidelity to the experience, a gauge also accepted by the abstract expressionist painters.

Every legislator from Brasstown Bald to Folkston is going to have his every vote subjected to the closest scrutiny as a test of his political allegiances, not his convictions.

The purchase of compact ( economy ) cars is being made currently on a test basis.

We repeat, that the test of a violation of 7 is whether, at the time of suit, there is a reasonable probability that the acquisition is likely to result in the condemned restraints.

We cannot test public opinion until the President and the leaders of the country have gone to the public to explain what is required and have asked them for support for the necessary action.

Research, development test and evaluation funds, devoted to missiles in 1960 were 3 to 4 times as large as those devoted to aircraft, and actual missile procurement is expected to exceed aircraft procurement by 1963.

This first test is being leased for ten years but future projects will require at least 15 years.

A t test on these two groups, shifters vs. nonshifters, gave a `` t '' value of 2.405 which is significant on the two-tail test at the

The relationship of intelligence test scores to school achievement is a well-established fact ( in this case, Af ) ; ;

It is the discrepancy between the actual attained achievement test score and the score that would be predicted by the I.Q..

Moreover, the taunt concerning the `` sophisticated '' echelon and its alleged erudition is put to test during every campaign, and accrues only upon results ; ;

This test method is intended for determining the dimensional changes of woven or knitted fabrics, made of fibers other than wool, to be expected when the cloth is subjected to laundering procedures commonly used in the commercial laundry and the home.

It is possible to identify the test procedure completely with a code consisting of a Roman Numeral, a letter, and an Arabic number.

The wash wheel is the equipment preferred for the test.

The surface of the apparatus in contact with the test specimen is uncluttered and polished so as to be as friction-free as possible.

He said, `` We Democrats must resolve our issues on the test of what is right and just, and not what is expedient at the time ''.

Official encouragement is one thing, but the down-to-earth test is the allocation of diocesan and parochial funds.

A statistical hypothesis test is a method of making decisions using data.

A test result ( calculated from the null hypothesis and the sample ) is called statistically significant if it is deemed unlikely to have occurred, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis.

The test statistics of this derived linear model are closely approximated by the test statistics of an appropriate normal linear model, according to approximation theorems and simulation studies.

To test the hypothesis that all treatments have exactly the same effect, the F-test's p-values closely approximate the permutation test's p-values: The approximation is particularly close when the design is balanced.

A novel assay that mimics dry bacterial exposure to touch surfaces was developed because this test method is thought to more closely replicate real world touch surface exposure conditions.

The XM8 and SCAR had the fewest failures in the test, closely followed by the HK416, while the M4 had by far the most.

Mutual information is closely related to the log-likelihood ratio test in the context of contingency tables and the multinomial distribution and to Pearson's χ < sup > 2 </ sup > test: mutual information can be considered a statistic for assessing independence between a pair of variables, and has a well-specified asymptotic distribution.

* Tested: Every change must be tested in a safe test environment, which closely reflects the actual production environment, before the change is applied to the production environment.

The ALI test was discarded in favor of a new test that more closely resembled M ' Naghten's.

* Lyme disease causes erosive arthritis and may closely resemble RA – it may be distinguished by blood test in endemic areas

Tweezer probes are used for closely spaced test points, as in surface-mount devices.

Genealogical DNA test results of modern Rurikid princes indicate that Rurik was of Finno-Ugrian descent ( haplogroup N1c1 )., however the Rurikids do not possess the DYS390 = 24 mutation associated with the Finnic languages, theirs remaining the ancestral DYS390 = 23, with the Rurikid haplotype itself ( all values considered ) more closely associated with

The RSC-51, designated the Oerlikon Type 54 by the Swiss arms and machine tool firm Oerlikon, started as a joint project by these two Swiss firms in 1949, who kept the missile project a closely held secret from the general public till 1955, and was one of the first successful surface to air missiles that was developed, test and placed in production and could be purchased by other nations as was said then " off-the-shelf " starting in the 1951-1952 time period.

With the availability of inexpensive synthetic fabrics, which closely resemble the hand ( drape and feel ) of expensive natural fabrics, a test or fitting garment made of synthetics may still be referred to as a muslin, because the word has become the generic term for a test or fitting garment.

During this period Law became a " self-improver "; despite his lack of formal university education he sought to test his intellect, attending lectures given at Glasgow University and joining the Glasgow Parliamentary Debating Association, which adhered as closely as possible to the layout of the real Parliament of the United Kingdom and undoubtedly helped Law hone the skills that served him so well in the political arena.

A chi-squared test, also referred to as chi-square test or test, is any statistical hypothesis test in which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is true, or any in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the sampling distribution ( if the null hypothesis is true ) can be made to approximate a chi-squared distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough.