Nearly from its founding as a modern state in 1920, Iraq has had to deal with Kurdish separatists in the northern part of the country.

During the war, Iraq used chemical weapons against Iranian forces fighting on the southern front and Kurdish separatists who were attempting to open up a northern front in Iraq with the help of Iran.

Opponents of the regime, including Islamist activists and Kurdish separatists, were frequently charged with violating counterterrorism statutes.

* Boere-Afrikaner separatists. A Kurdish people | Kurdish Kurdistan Workers ' Party | PKK guerrilla in Iraqi Kurdistan as part of the Kurdish – Turkish conflict.

Since 1984 up to now, Gendarmerie units have been the most important element of the fight against Kurdish separatists.

Because of ethnic politics, valuable farmland in Kurdish territory has not contributed to the national economy, and inconsistent agricultural policies under Saddam Hussein discouraged domestic market production.

In 1925, the commission recommended that the region stay part of Iraq, under the condition that the British hold the mandate over Iraq for another 25 years, to ensure the autonomous rights of the Kurdish population.

The state-run Turkish Radio and Television Corporation ( TRT ) started its 24-hour Kurdish television station on 1 January 2009 with the motto “ we live under the same sky .” The Turkish Prime Minister sent a video message in Kurdish to the opening ceremony, which was attended by Minister of Culture and other state officials.

The earliest known Kurdish dynasties under Islamic rule ( 10th to 12th centuries ) are the Hasanwayhids, the Marwanids, the Shaddadids, followed by the Ayyubid dynasty founded by Saladin.

The Halabja attack has been recognized as a separate event from the Anfal Genocide that was also conducted against the Kurdish people by the Iraqi regime under Saddam Hussein.

The Kurdish language is categorized under the Indo-European group of languages, with a distinctive grammatical form.

His followers planned to resign from the Iraq Levies ( a formidable and highly capable force, under the command of the British, that had served British interests putting down Kurdish and Arab rebellions against Britain since 1921 ), and to re-group as a militia and concentrate in the north, creating a de facto Assyrian enclave, although this never happened as it was prevented by the British.

In March, 1918, Mar Benyamin along with 150 of his bodyguards were assassinated by Simko Shikak ( Ismail Agha Shikak ), a Kurdish agha, in the town of Salmas ( Persia ) under a truce flag ( see Assyrian Genocide ).

: he Kurds encountered a familiar pattern under each of the regimes that followed: first a period of negotiations that invariably failed to satisfy Kurdish demands for autonomy, and then, when the talks broke down, renewed outbreaks of violence.

Baghdad again utilized tribal rivalries to defeat Barzani, sending him, Sheikh Ahmad, and about three thousand followers fleeing across the border to Iran, entering Oshnaviyeh in October 1945, where Kurdish nationalists under the guidance of the Soviet Union were establishing a new Kurdish state.

In December 1945 the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad was declared by QAZI MUHAMMAD the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party-Iran in MAHABAD ( northwestern Iran ) which was under Soviet military control.

The Dutch court said that it was considered " legally and convincingly proven that the Kurdish population meets the requirement under the Genocide Conventions as an ethnic group.

Although no longer organized under one leader, this inter-tribal force was “ actively anti-British ”, engaging in hit-and-run attacks, killing British military officers, and participating in another – left the Turkish ranks to join the Kurdish army.

When Kurdish terrorist Fehriye Erdal was sentenced to 4 years ' imprisonment by a Bruges court on 28 February 2006, it turned out that she had shaken off the Belgian secret service, which had had the responsibility of following her since 23 February 2006 ( Erdal had been under house arrest since 2000 ).

Several Circassian leaders wanted in 1938, for the same reasons as their Assyrian, Kurdish and Bedouin counterparts in Al-Jazira province in 1936-1937, a special autonomy status for their region as they feared the perspective of living in an independent Syrian republic under a nationalist Arab government hostile towards the minorities.

Mahabad was briefly the capital of the short-lived Republic of Mahabad, which was declared independent on January 1, 1946 under the leadership of Kurdish nationalist Qazi Muhammad.

In the aftermath of the first Iraqi parliamentary election in 2005, the ITF lodged a number of formal complaints to the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq alleging vote fraud on the part of the Kurdish parties and protesting the Commission's decision to allow Kurdish internally displaced persons and refugees to vote in the places from which they had been expelled under Saddam Hussein.

It was reported that in 1991 the PMOI under Maryam Rajavi's leadership participated in Iraqi army's genocidal campaign against the Kurdish people.

The CIA ’ s assessment on safehaven — that al-Qaeda or associated operatives were present in Baghdad and in northeastern Iraq in an area under Kurdish control — was reasonable.

The Abbasid suppression of the rebellion led to the flight of many thousand Khurramites to Byzantium, where they were welcomed by emperor Theophilos and enrolled in the Byzantine army under their Kurdish leader, Theophobos.

Their communique ascribed the collapse of the revolt to " the inability of the feudalist, tribalist, bourgeois rightist and capitulationist Kurdish leadership ".

On March 16, 2006, a few thousand Halabja residents rioted at the site in protest of what they perceived as the neglect of the living and capitalizing on the tragedy by the Kurdish leadership.

Mohammad Tofiq Rahim returned to Kurdistan in 1979, he had been active in Kurdish politics as a member of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and quickly rose to high leadership as Political beaureu member with responsibility for external relations, in part due to his command of several European languages.

Nearly the entirety of the old, largely Baghdadi leadership had been imprisoned, creating a void the Kurdish members quickly filled.

According to Shaller and Zimmerer in the Journal of Genocide Research, the leadership of Young Turks planned to eliminate Kurdish identity by deporting Kurds from their ancestral land and displacing them in small groups.

At the root of the rebellion, Shaykh Mahmud ’ s leadership appealed to both Kurdish nationalist and religious feelings.

He has frequently been called upon by the US State Department, the National Democratic Institute, the Asia Foundation and other international bodies to provide leadership development on democracy building, including in the Russian Far East, the Kurdish regions of Turkey, Zaire, Sierra Leone, Angola, Korea, and as one of the first official to arrive in Bethlehem to offer disaster assistance after the Palestinian-Israeli army siege of the Church of the Nativity ended on May 10, 2002.

* March 14 – Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician ( d. 1979 )

** Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi Kurdish politician ( b. 1903 )

Mustafa was the leader of an independent socialist movement that adopted Kurdish nationalism called " Komeley Renjderan ," some two months after the collapse of the Kurdish rebellion of 1974 – 1975 created a moment of profound crisis for the Kurdish people in Iraqi Kurdistan, the organization's aim was to revitalize resistance and to rebuild and redirect Kurdish society along modern and democratic lines.

Arif threatened force against any Kurdish opponent of Mulla Mustafa, while Mulla Mustafa declared that any resistance to Baghdad would constitute a declaration of war against himself and the Barzanis.

Mulla Mustafa informed Arif that he had no objection to the abolition of Kurdish political parties, so long as it served the " interests of Iraq ", and began to receive arms and funds from Abdul Salam Arif.

The new Government declared Kurdistan “ one of the two nations of Iraq .” During his rule, the Kurdish groups selected Mustafa Barzani to negotiate with the government, seeking an opportunity to declare independence.

Alevis were early supporters of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, whom they credit with ending Ottoman-era discrimination against them, while Kurdish Alevis viewed his rise with caution.

Mustafa Barzani () ( March 14, 1903 – March 1, 1979 ) also known as Mullah Mustafa was a Kurdish nationalist leader, and the most prominent political figure in the modern Kurdish politics.

Mustafa Barzani was appointed as the Minister of Defense and commander of the Kurdish army in the Republic of Mahabad.

During his time in exile, the Kurdish Democratic Party was founded in Iraq, holding its first Congress on August 16, 1946, in Baghdad, electing Mustafa Barzani as its president.

Mustafa Barzani holds a high position among Kurdish nationalists, mostly among those in the KDP.

Among Mahmud ’ s many supporters and troop leaders was 16-year-old Mustafa Barzani, the future leader of the Kurdish nationalist cause and commander of Peshmerga forces in Kurdish Iraq.

The establishment of conventional higher levels of Kurdish military command may also be assumed as documents Conditions also improved for Mulla Mustafa Barzani as he was eventually granted the privileges of a leader-in-exile.

* Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish nationalist

* Nawshirwan Mustafa, Kurdish politician

* Mustafa Pasha Yamolki: his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement, By Dr. Rebwar Fatah.