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Làng Hòa Hảo Xưa và Này ( Hòa Hảo Village Past and Present ) Ho Chi Minh City: Nha Xuat Ban Thanh Pho Ho Chi Minh, 1999.
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Làng and Village
The center grew and in 1982 he and his colleague Sister Chân Không founded Plum Village Buddhist Center ( Làng Mai ), a monastery and Practice Center in the Dordogne in the south of France .< ref name =" BBC ">
Plum Village ( Làng Mai ) is a Buddhist meditation center in the Dordogne, in southern France.
Initially, these two hamlets were named Persimmon Village ( Làng Hồng ), but it soon became clear that plum trees fared much better on the rocky soil, so it became Plum Village ( Làng Mai ).
The following is the schedule for an average day at Plum Village ( Làng Mai ):
Today, Plum Village ( Làng Mai ) is made up of four major residential hamlets.
Plum Village ( Làng Mai ) has branches in the United States of America: Blue Cliff Monastery in Pine Bush, New York, and Deer Park Monastery ( Tu Viện Lộc Uyển ) in Escondido, California.
Làng and .
Many of these speakers are referred to as Mường, Nhà Làng, and Nguồn.
Hòa and Hảo
Diệm also contended with two religious sects, the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo, who wielded private armies in the Mekong Delta, with the Cao Đài estimated to have 25, 000 men.
He further dismantled the private armies of the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo religious sects, which controlled parts of the Mekong Delta.
Other front names used by the Viet Cong in the 1950s implied that members were fighting for religious causes, for example, " Executive Committee of the Fatherland Front ", which suggested affiliation with the Hòa Hảo sect, or " Vietnam-Cambodian Buddhist Association.
After subduing the Binh Xuyen organized crime gang in the Battle for Saigon in 1955, and the Hòa Hảo and other militant religious sects in early 1956, Diệm turned his attention to the Viet Cong.
In 1955, when Vietnam was partitioned and the State of Vietnam controlled the southern half under Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, Minh led the VNA in decisively defeating the Bình Xuyên paramilitary crime syndicate in street combat and dismantling the Hòa Hảo religious tradition's private army.
With the Bình Xuyên vanquished, Diệm turned his attention to conquering the Hòa Hảo.
Five Hòa Hảo battalions surrendered immediately ; Ba Cụt and three remaining leaders had fled to the Cambodian border by the end of the month.
The victories over the Hòa Hảo and the Bình Xuyên were the zenith of Minh's battlefield career.
He organised a Unity Congress, a forum of various anti-communist nationalists such as Nguyễn Tôn Hoàn's Đại Việt Quốc Dân Đảng ( Nationalist Party of Greater Vietnam ), various Catholic groups and activists, as well as the Hòa Hảo and Cao Đài religious sects, and the Binh Xuyên organised crime syndicate.
During the First and Second Indochina Wars, members of Cao Đài ( along with several other Vietnamese sects, such as Hòa Hảo ) were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam.
Hòa Hảo (, Chữ Nôm: 道和好, Chinese: 和好, Hé Hǎo ) is a religious tradition, based on Buddhism, founded in 1939 by Huỳnh Phú Sổ, a native of the Mekong River Delta region of southern Vietnam.
Adherents consider Sổ to be a prophet, and Hòa Hảo a continuation of a 19th-century Buddhist ministry known as Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương ( Sino-Vietnamese ) " Strange Perfume from Precious Mountains ," referring to the Bảy Núi range on the Vietnamese-Cambodian border ).
The founders of these traditions are regarded by Hòa Hảo followers as living Buddhas — destined to save mankind from suffering and to protect the Vietnamese nation.
Hòa Hảo claims approximately two million followers throughout Vietnam ; in some provinces near its Delta birthplace, as many as 90 percent of the population practice this tradition.
" Hòa Hảo stresses the practice of Buddhism by lay people in the home, rather than focusing primarily on temple worship and ordination.
In Hòa Hảo homes, a plain brown cloth serves as an altar, at which the family prays morning and night.
A pagoda of Hòa Hảo
He was famously put in a lunatic asylum because of his preaching, but supposedly converted his doctor to the Hòa Hảo belief.
As the popularity of Hòa Hảo grew, Huỳnh Phú Sổ made a series of prophecies about the political future of Vietnam.
He said that the " true king " would return to lead Vietnam to freedom and prosperity, which caused most Hòa Hảo to support the Nguyễn pretender: Marquis Cường Để, living abroad in Japan.
During World War II, the Hòa Hảo supported the Japanese occupation and planned for Cường Để to become Emperor of Vietnam.
However, this never happened and the Hòa Hảo came into conflict with the communists both because the Việt Minh were anti-Japanese and because of their Marxist opposition to all religion.
In fact, the control of this government by France meant that most Hòa Hảo opposed it.
When America began pushing for Ngô Đình Diệm to run South Vietnam, the most powerful groups to concern the Americans were the Cao Đài, the Bình Xuyên and the Hòa Hảo, which had formed a small private army under General Ba Cụt.
Colonel Edward Lansdale used bribery with CIA funds to split the Hòa Hảo and in 1956 General Dương Văn Minh crushed the Hòa Hảo and General Ba Cụt was captured and beheaded in public.
Hòa and và
vi: Liên đoàn Phụ nữ Quốc tế vì Hòa bình và Tự do
vi: Hội đồng Hòa bình và Phát triển Liên bang
Hòa and Ho
From the mountainous area, Đồng Nai River, an inland waterway, flows southeast through Biên Hòa City, Ho Chi Minh City, and villages along its way.
From their base in Luong Son, Hòa Bình Province, the 198th Tank Battalion began their arduous journey down the Ho Chi Minh Trail under constant U. S. air-strikes.
Historian Hue-Tam Ho Tai suggests that the phrase Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương may have been coined by writers belonging to Hòa Hảo.
Hòa and Minh
Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương ( literally " Strange Fragrance from the Precious Mountain ," from the Sino-Vietnamese 寶山奇香 ) refers to a religious tradition originally practiced by the mystic Đoàn Minh Huyên ( 1807 – 1856 ) and continued by Huỳnh Phú Sổ, founder of the Hòa Hảo.
Biên Hòa () is a city in Đồng Nai Province, Vietnam, about east of Hồ Chí Minh City ( formerly Saigon ), to which Biên Hòa is linked by Vietnam Highway 1.
In 1832, under the rule of emperor Minh Mạng, this area was renamed Khánh Hòa and was divided into two districts which included four counties: Phủ Diên Khánh inclusive of Phước Điền and Vĩnh Xương county ; Phủ Ninh Hòa inclusive of Quảng Phước and Tân Định county.
Hòa and City
# Tuy Hòa City ( municipality )
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