This image transformation generally requires digital signal processing, so letterboxing was the only way in which films were presented in widescreen on home video prior to the DVD format ( with a few exceptions outside the mass market, such as Squeeze LD ).

By the end of 2007, each episode of the original TV series averaged a sales figure of 80, 928 copies, including all of the different formats it was published in ( VHS, LD, DVD, etc .).

Even when a high quality LD source and professional grade hardware could be used, the final fansub was at best a third-generation copy.

* The Lancashire, Derbyshire and East Coast Railway ( LD & ECR ): This railway was opened in 1897, principally to link the coalfields with deepwater ports, and was intended to run from Sutton on Sea in Lincolnshire to Warrington in Lancashire.

It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top.

The use of a solid state laser diode necessitated the introduction of the tilt-servo mechanism in LD players ; this physically tilted the entire laser table, keeping it parallel with the disc, thus ensuring the larger laser beam spot was always perfectly circular and helping to reduce or eliminate crosstalk on warped CLV discs.

The 7820 was the first LD player to use solid-state tangential tracking — instead of a tangential tracking mirror, the 7820 used an electronic CCD delay line to provide tangential tracking corrections, giving the player superb color quality.

It was not until 1985 / 6 that the tangential mirror began to be replaced by electronic correction, first by Yamaha in their first consumer LD player, and eventually, by Pioneer themselves.

In 1996, the first model DVD / LD combi-player ( and first Pioneer DVD player, for that matter ) was the Pioneer DVL-9 released in Japan.

The last model DVD / LD player was the Japanese only DVL-H9, but the older DVL-919 is still sold in the U. S. and appears on Pioneer's North American website.

This was a problem that was coined " laser rot " ( or, " LaserRot ", after the original official CamelCase " LaserDisc " name of the underlying product ) among LD enthusiasts, also called " color flash " internally by laserdisc-pressing plants.

Anime collectors in every country the LD format was released, which includes both North America and Japan, also quickly became familiar with this format, and sought the higher video and sound quality of laserdisc and the availability of numerous titles not available on VHS.

The format also became quite popular in Hong Kong during the 1990s before the introduction of VCDs and DVD ; although people rarely bought the discs ( because each LD was priced around USD100 ), high rental activity helped the video rental business in the city grow larger than it had ever been previously.

Although the Laserdisc format was supplanted by DVD by the late 1990s, many LD titles are still highly coveted by movie enthusiasts ( for example, Disney's Song of the South which is unavailable in the US in any format, but was issued in Japan on LD ).

Strangely, Terminator 2 was released twice in Squeeze LD, the second release being THX certified and a notable improvement over the first.

In spite of nonrecordability being commonly regarded as the primary weakness of the Laserdisc format, these recordable LD systems were never marketed toward the general public, and are so poorly known as to create the misconception that a home recording system for Laserdiscs was impossible.

She appeared in a horror film entitled, LD 50 Lethal Dose, which was released directly to DVD in 2005.

From 1884, this was called the Licence in Divinity ( LD ).

The LD was not awarded after about 1940 and, in 1969, the hood was used for the DipTh, which was awarded until the College ceased clergy training in 1978.

* Pioneer LD-1000 — Pioneer's first Japanese-market LD player introduced in 1981.

In order to maintain the sponsorship, the NFL introduced LD debate.

Rameau's Six Concerts En Sextuor, recorded by L'orchestre De Chambre Pierre Menet ( BAM LD 046 ), turn out to be harpsichord pieces arranged for strings apparently by the composer himself.

Maitres Allemands Des 17e et 18e Siecles contains music by Pachelbel, Buxtehude, Rosenmueller and Telemann, well performed by the Ensemble Instrumental Sylvie Spycket ( BAM LD 035 ).

Prior to the development of DTMF, numbers were dialed on automated telephone systems by means of pulse dialing ( Dial Pulse or DP in the U. S .) or loop disconnect ( LD ) signaling, which functions by rapidly disconnecting and re-connecting the calling party's telephone line, similar to flicking a light switch on and off.

LD < sub > 50 </ sub > is usually determined by tests on animals such as laboratory mice.

However, this also means that LD < sub > 50 </ sub > is not the lethal dose for all subjects ; some may be killed by much less, while others survive doses far higher than the LD < sub > 50 </ sub >.

NOTE: Comparing substances ( especially drugs ) to each other by LD < sub > 50 </ sub > can be misleading in many cases due ( in part ) to differences in effective dose ( ED < sub > 50 </ sub >).

Therefore, it is more useful to compare such substances by therapeutic index, which is simply the ratio of LD < sub > 50 </ sub > to ED < sub > 50 </ sub >.

The following examples are listed in reference to LD < sub > 50 </ sub > values, in descending order, and accompanied by LC < sub > 50 </ sub > values,

The potency of different venoms varies ; lethal venoms are often characterised by the median lethal dose ( LD < sub > 50 </ sub >) which will kill 50 % of victims, typically laboratory mice, expressed in milligrams of venom per kilogram of body weight.

" Connectance ( C ) is the fraction of all possible links that are realized ( L / S < sup > 2 </ sup >) and represents a standard measure of food web complexity ..." The distance ( d ) between every species pair in a web is averaged to compute the mean distance between all nodes in a web ( D ) and multiplied by the total number of links ( L ) to obtain link-density ( LD ), which is influenced by scale dependent variables such as species richness.

The goal is often to finish by the opening of the show, but what is most important is that the LD and the directors believe that the design is finished to each's satifaction.

* If needed, the Associate may need to take the set drawings and put them into a CAD program to be manipulated by the LD ( however, this job is usually given to the Assistant LD if there is one ).

* The Associate is generally authorized to speak on behalf of the LD and can make creative and design decisions when needed ( and when authorized by the LD ).

In April 2007, Essential Aircraft Maintenance Services ( EAMS ) has been established by LD Equity 2 based on the acquisition of Sterling ’ s aircraft maintenance department.

Only one 5. 1 surround sound option existed on a given Laserdisc ( either Dolby Digital or DTS ), so if surround sound is desired, the disc had to be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment ( LD Player and Receiver / Decoder ) by the purchaser.

On certain releases, one of the analog tracks is used to carry a modulated AC-3 signal for 5. 1 channel audio ( for decoding and playback by newer LD players with an " AC-3 RF " output ).

Between the 1980-81 and the 1984-1985 season there were only three NFL LD resolutions per season ( for January – February, March – April, and the National Tournament ), but the 1985-1986 season saw the permanent addition of two more ( September – October and November – December ).

Typical radiosity methods only account for light paths of the form LD * E, i. e., paths which start at a light source and make multiple diffuse bounces before reaching the eye.

After focus has occurred the LD usually sits at a temporary desk ( tech table ) in the theater ( typically on the Center Line in the middle of the house ) where he or she has a good view of the stage and work with the lighting board operator / programmer, who will either be seated alongside him or her at a portable control console or talk via headset to the control room.

The LD may also sit in on a performance to make sure that the cues are still being called at the right place and time.

LD is often also debated at a conversational pace to differentiate it from policy.

However, these are only generalities and not rules ; debaters on the LD " national circuit " frequently speak at speeds comparable to policy debaters and also make extensive use of lengthy quotes / evidence called " cards ".

Though there remain several extremely different styles of debate and judges / coaches each have their own idea of what a good round looks like, they now all follow the same basic outline and an LD round in one part of the country would be at least recognizable to a debater with a different style in another part of the country.

The unofficial national circuit championship is the Tournament of Champions ( LD ) ( TOC ) held at the University of Kentucky.

Nick Clegg, LD leader and deputy prime minister in the Conservative-LD coalition, at the time said " Adrian Sanders is entirely free to do what he wants " and that the committee report " left ' very, very big question marks ' about corporate governance of News Corp ", according to the Financial Times.

* The Three Terrors — Stephin Merritt, LD Beghtol, and Dudley Klute — performed Jake Walk Papa at their 2003 extravaganza Intoxication at The Bowery Ballroom, New York.

Based on the intraperitoneal LD < sub > 50 </ sub > for rodents, at 74 mg per gram, it would require approximately 135 grams of beans to reach the estimated LD < sub > 50 </ sub > of bufotenin for a 50 kg ( 110 lb ) adult.

In Japan the share of LD process decreased from 80 % in 1970 to 70 % in 2000 ; worldwide share of the basic oxygen process stabilized at 60 %.

They were teammates at LD Alajuelense and at CD Marathón and were acquired together by the Chinese team.

In 2008-2009, the team won the varsity division of the Santa Clara University tournament, and was in advanced elimination rounds at the tournaments: CPS, Berkeley, and Harker, and Avi Arfin won the California State LD Championships.

She had roles in the films LD 50 Lethal Dose and Den of Lions, and in 2004 appeared as Frida in a stage production of Luigi Pirandello's Henry IV at the Donmar Warehouse, London.

* Semifinalist and Quarterfinalist at the 2011 Tournament of Champions in LD debate

Exposure to the coplanar stereoisomer 3, 3 ', 4, 4 ', 5, 5 '- hexabromobiphenyl ( but not the non-coplanar stereoisomer ) in genetically susceptible mice is known to cause immunotoxicity and disorders related to the central nervous system, and even at doses as low as 2. 5 mg / kg, excess neonatal fatalities are observed ( LD < sub > 50 </ sub > is from 5-10mg / kg ).

Linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) is a term used in the study of population genetics for the non-random association of alleles at two or more loci, not necessarily on the same chromosome.