Hayek was defended by Professor Antony Flew who stated that the German Social Democrats, unlike the British Labour Party, had, since the late 1950s, abandoned public ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange and had instead embraced the social market economy.

Labour economics can generally be seen as the application of microeconomic or macroeconomic techniques to the labour market.

* Labour market flexibility

In the 1990s, released from the Left's pressure, the British Labour Party, under Tony Blair, posited policies based upon the free market economy to deliver public services via private contractors.

Some accuse him of undue deviousness, some claim he did not do enough to modernise the Labour Party's policy positions on issues such as the respective roles of the state and the market or the reform of industrial relations.

Fifteen years later, disillusionment with Britain's weak economic performance and troubled industrial relations, combined with active spadework by figures such as Sir Keith Joseph, had helped to make a radical market programme politically feasible for Thatcher ( which was in turn to influence the subsequent Labour leadership, especially under Blair ).

The national and regional governments are dominated by two political parties, the PS, a Social Democratic party, that resembles the British Labour or the German SPD, and the PSD, a conservative party, member of the European People's Party, that have similar base politics in some themes: both are Pro-Europe and support the market economy.

Labour Party leader Harold Wilson coined the phrase Selsdon Man to describe the free market approach which was agreed, and the Selsdon Group was later formed within the Conservative Party to campaign for its retention.

* Labour market flexibility

Trade Unionist and journalist Jimmy Reid criticised Labour for failing to achieve equality, and argued that Labour's acceptance of market economics had curtailed social justice.

The new version of the clause committed Labour to a balance of market and public ownership, and to balance creation of wealth with social justice.

New Labour offered a middle way between the neo-liberal free market economics of the New Right, which it saw as economically efficient, and the ethical reformism of post-1945 Labour, which shared New Labour's concern for social justice.

New Labour embraced market economics because they believed they could be used for their social aims, as well as economic efficiency.

In a pamphlet, " Fatally Flawed " he demonstrated that far from the internal market, which he had championed in the 1980s, the Bill introduced an external market and he worked closely with the Labour Front Bench in the House of Lords.

The regular flooding of Lower Hutt resulted in high fertility land and prior to the building of state housing by the Labour Government starting in 1937, there were many market gardens in Lower Hutt.

Poplar's Labour administration elected in 1919 undertook a comprehensive programme of social reform and poor relief, including equal pay for women and a minimum wage for Council workers, far in excess of the market rate.

The Daily Telegraph stated in April 2008 that Blair's programme, with the emphasis on ' New Labour ', accepted the free-market ideology of Thatcherism such as deregulation, privatization of key national industries, maintaining a flexible labour market, marginalising the trade unions, and devolving government decision making to local authorities.

After the John Howard Coalition defeated 13-year Labour government at the 1996 federal election, economic reforms were taken further, some examples being wholesale labour market deregulation ( e. g. WorkChoices ), the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax ( GST ), the privatisation of the telecommunications monopoly Telstra, and sweeping welfare reform including " work for the dole ".

The route then descends down the Labour In Vain Hill through the village of Quemerford and into the market town of Calne.

Opposing Labour were the National Party ( centre-right ), New Zealand First ( radical centrist and nationalist ), ACT New Zealand ( strongly supportive of the free market ), and United Future ( centrist ).

The fall of the communist regimes in various Central and Eastern European countries forced, then President Ramiz Alia to gradually remove the old communist nomenklatura from power and government, so in the end of February 1991, Alia appointed Nano as Prime Minister of the transitional government with the purpose of organizing the first post-communist democratic elections in the country being held that year, also to prepare the transition of the country towards democracy and market economy The Parliamentary Elections were held on March 31, 1991 where Labour Party of Albania won the majority.

The New Deal ( renamed Flexible New Deal from October 2009 ) is a programme of active labour market policies introduced in the United Kingdom by the Labour government in 1998, initially funded by a one-off £ 5 billion windfall tax on privatised utility companies.

He was a leader of the right-wing element of the Labour Party, and an effective, if aggressive, election campaigner, but was ultimately unable to cope with the pressures of high office without excessive drinking.

Both the Barbados Labour Party and the Democratic Labour Party have formed the government in the elections since 1961.

Having presided over relatively serene political, economic and social conditions, the feeling of prosperity in the UK had been maintained into the new millennium, and Labour would have a free hand to assert its ideals in the subsequent parliament.

There was much speculation and fear about the prospect of a Labour government, and comparatively little about a Liberal government, even though it could have plausibly presented an experienced team of ministers compared to Labour's almost complete lack of experience, as well as offering a middle ground that could get support from both Conservatives and Labour in crucial Commons divisions.

Ivor Crewe and Anthony King found five defectors who claimed to have voted for Foot in order to saddle Labour with an unelectable leader and make life easier in their new party.

At the Labour Party conference at Southport in 1934, Attlee declared that " We have absolutely abandoned any idea of nationalist loyalty.

Many Labour MPs felt Attlee should have retired after the 1951 election and allowed a younger man to lead the party.

Irish coalition governments have traditionally been based on one of two large blocs in Dáil Éireann: either Fianna Fáil in coalition with smaller parties or independents, or Fine Gael and the Labour Party in coalition, sometimes with smaller parties.

Apart from this, when no party has had a majority, minority governments normally have been formed with one or more opposition parties agreeing to vote for the legislation governments need to function, as the Labour government of James Callaghan formed a coalition with the Liberals in 1977 when it lost its narrow majority gained at the October 1974 election.

There are four " specialist sections ": Trade Union CND, Christian CND, Labour CND and Ex-Services CND, which have rights of representation on the governing council.

However, Austrian consumer organizations ( Verein für Konsumenteninformation / VKI and the Federal Chamber of Labour / Bundesarbeitskammer ) have, in recent years, brought claims on behalf of hundreds or even thousands of consumers.

Although Scottish Labour won more seats than any other party, they did not have a majority in Parliament to allow them to form an Executive without the help of a smaller party.

Dewar dealt with the exams results fiasco and the lorry drivers ' strike, and attended the Labour party conference in Brighton in September, but at the end of September told the historian Tom Devine in Dublin that if there was no surge of the energy of old, he would have to reappraise the situation within a few months time.

Speaking in Carlow in June 2010, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government and Green Party leader John Gormley said the Labour Party is coming very close to being the " Father Ted of Irish politics " because, according to Gormley, they have no policies.

Towards the end of the essay, he wrote: " I do not mean I have lost all faith in the Labour Party.

Some also began to use the phrase to refer to non-marital unions: a man interviewed in Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor admitted: " I never had a wife, but I have had two or three broomstick matches, though they never turned out happy.

Since 1991, Lithuanian voters have shifted from right to left and back again, swinging between the Conservatives, led by Vytautas Landsbergis, and the ( formerly Communist ) Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania, led by president Algirdas Brazauskas.

Labour relations have been peaceful since the 1930s.

Labour rights have been integral to the social and economic development since the Industrial Revolution.

Labour law arose due to the demand for workers to have better conditions, the right to organize, or, alternatively, the right to work without joining a labour union, and the simultaneous demands of employers to restrict the powers of workers ' many organizations and to keep labour costs low.

Since the election of the Labour Government in 1997, there have been many changes in UK employment law.

In 2006, the International Labour Organization ( ILO ) argued that the minimum wage could not be directly linked to unemployment in countries that have suffered job losses.

Two parties have dominated Malta's polarized and evenly-divided politics during this period: the Partit Nazzjonalista ( Nationalist Party ) and the Partit Laburista ( Labour Party ).