Policy changed under the Nixon administration, when mistreatment of the prisoners was publicized by U. S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird and others.

Laird was instrumental in forming the administration's policy of withdrawing U. S. soldiers from the Vietnam War ; he invented the expression " Vietnamization ," referring to the process of transferring more responsibility for combat to the South Vietnamese forces.

In his final report in January 1973 Laird listed what he considered to be the major accomplishments of his tenure: Vietnamization ; achieving the goal of strategic sufficiency ; effective burden-sharing between the United States and its friends and allies ; adequate security assistance ; maintenance of U. S. technological superiority through development of systems such as the B-1, Trident, and cruise missiles ; improved procurement ; " People Programs " such as ending the draft and creating the AVF ; improved National Guard and Reserve forces ; enhanced operational readiness ; and participatory management.

The phrase was also used to describe California in the 1860s, and by Clement Laird Vallandigham to describe the land of the Mississippi plains None of these remained a widely used to describe a region, though it is still occasionally used to describe the United States overall.

British Shipbuilders was a combination of the major shipbuilding companies including Cammell Laird, Govan Shipbuilders, Swan Hunter, and Yarrow Shipbuilders ; the nationalisation of the coal mines in 1947 created a coal board charged with running the coal industry commercially so as to be able to meet the interest payable on the bonds which the former mine owners ' shares had been converted into.

A constituent, James Stewart, once commented to a friend who wrote this letter, "... he ( Stewart ) had come mainly to see one Jardine, an enormous Laird from Applegarth Parish and China, and a very good man ; who is understood to be dangerously ill at present.

It was written by Laird Koenig, based on Koenig's 1974 novel of the same title ; Koenig also wrote a stage play based on his book.

Laird paid special attention to two important interdepartmental bodies: the Washington Special Action Group ( WSAG ), composed of senior Defense, State, and CIA officials, which gathered information necessary for presidential decisions on the crisis use of U. S. military forces ; and the Defense Program Review Committee ( DPRC ), which brought together representatives from many agencies, including DoD, State, the Council of Economic Advisers, and the Office of Management and Budget, to analyze defense budget issues as a basis for advising the president, placing, as Laird commented, " national security needs in proper relationship to non-defense requirements.

Although not intimately involved in the development of strategic nuclear policy as McNamara had been, Laird subscribed to the Nixon administration's program of " Strategic Sufficiency "-that the United States should have the capability to deter nuclear attacks against its home territory and that of its allies by convincing a potential aggressor that he would suffer an unacceptable level of retaliatory damage ; it should also have enough nuclear forces to eliminate possible coercion of its allies.

John Laird started the first lumber mill in 1855 ; he later was joined by his cousins James and Matthew Norton in founding the Laird-Norton Co.

Laird & Lee Publishers ; Chicago, 1897.

The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the other direction ; it has been observed that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion ( Schnall & Laird, 2003 ; Soussignan, 2002 as cited in Papa & Bonanno, 2008 ).

Laura, Lady Borden ( née Bond ; November 26, 1861 – September 7, 1940 ) was the wife of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the eighth Prime Minister of Canada.

In 1919, the British shipbuilder Cammell Laird started construction of merchant ship, the Fullagar, with an entirely welded hull ; she was launched in 1921.

This first incarnation of the ensemble was a multinational group: McLaughlin is from Yorkshire, England ; Cobham from Panama ; Hammer from Prague, Czechoslovakia ; Goodman from Chicago, Illinois ; and Laird from Dublin, Ireland.

The first five series of Monarch of the Glen told the story of young restaurateur, Archie MacDonald, trying to restore his childhood home in the Scottish Highlands, starring Alastair Mackenzie, Richard Briers, Susan Hampshire and Dawn Steele, whilst the final two series of the show focused on new Laird Paul Bowman trying to modernise the estate, primarily starring Lloyd Owen, Tom Baker, Alexander Morton and Susan Hampshire.

At the start of the final season in 1971 of My Three Sons, Francis played bowling alley waitress Terri Dowling, who eventually married character Laird Fergus McBain Douglas of Sithian Bridge, Scotland and returned to his homeland as royalty.

After he became Secretary of Defense, Laird and President Nixon appointed a Blue Ribbon Defense Panel that made more than 100 recommendations on DoD's organization and functions in a report on 1 July 1970.

Laird noted this in his FY 1971 report, " Except for the major policy decisions, I am striving to decentralize decisionmaking as much as possible ...

In this same report Laird noted that the war had commanded more of his attention than any other concern during his four-year term.

While retaining decisionmaking functions for himself and the deputy secretary of defense, Laird somewhat decentralized policymaking and operations.

As the Washington Post reported after his selection as secretary of defense, " Around the military-industrial complex these days they're singing ' Praise the Laird and pass the transformation.

In October 1972 Congress passed legislation creating a second deputy secretary of defense position, a proposal Laird strongly supported, even though he never filled the position.

Laird completed his term of office as secretary of defense on 29 January 1973.

Although not a close confidant of the president and not the dominant presence that McNamara was, Laird had been an influential secretary.

Adams and his son, Henry Adams, who acted as his private secretary, also were kept busy monitoring Confederate diplomatic intrigues and the construction of rebel commerce raiders by British shipyards ( like the hull N ° 290, launched as " Enrica " by John Laird & Sons, and which was soon transformed near the Azores Islands into sloop-of-war CSS Alabama ).

As a congressman Laird had supported a strong defense posture and had sometimes been critical of Secretary McNamara.

Recognizing the congressional determination, with wide public support, to cut defense costs ( including winding down the Vietnam War ), Laird worked hard to prune budgetary requests before they went to Congress, and acceded to additional cuts when they could be absorbed without serious harm to national security.

The cost of maintaining this " augmentation force " totaled over $ 4 billion by mid-autumn and Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird insisted that the president request a supplementary defense appropriation from Congress to pay for it.

In 2010, the novelist Jack Whyte gave another fictionalized account of Wallace ’ s life, particularly his early life, in The Forest Laird, the first book in The Guardians of Scotland trilogy.

First transcribed by John P. Harrington and Carobeth Laird in the early 20th Century, it was studied in the 1970s by linguist Margaret L. Press.

Another recurring character is Edward Tyler ( Peter Laird ), the SIS Director of Intelligence ( D-Int ), who dies early in the third series.

Robert Barclay Allardice ( 25 August 1779, Stonehaven, Kincardine and Mearns-8 May 1854 ), the 6th Laird of Ury, generally known as Captain Barclay, was a notable Scottish walker of the early 19th century, known as the celebrated pedestrian.

Her television work included a regular role on the Gothic soap opera, Dark Shadows early in her career, and after her rise to fame, guest appearances on Scarecrow and Mrs. King, Rowan & Martin's Laugh In and Cheers, plus the role of Suzi Laird on several Fame episodes.

Laird was allegedly recruited by the Soviets while he was at Swarthmore College in the early 1930s.

As a result, total military personnel declined from some 3. 5 million in FY 1969 to 2. 3 million by the time Laird left office in January 1973.

On 27 January 1973, two days before Laird left office, the negotiators signed a Vietnam settlement in Paris.

Other important Laird goals were ending conscription by 30 June 1973 and the creation of an All Volunteer Force ( AVF ).

On 27 January 1973, after the signing of the Vietnam agreement in Paris, Laird suspended the draft, five months ahead of schedule.

After a brief absence Laird returned to the Nixon administration in June 1973 as counselor to the president for domestic affairs, concerning himself mainly with legislative issues.

* Melvin R. Laird, class of 1942, President Nixon's Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973.

On January 27, 1973, Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird announced the creation of an all-volunteer armed forces, negating the need for the military draft.

In 1973, then-Associate Justice Rehnquist wrote a lengthy in-chambers opinion declining to recuse himself in Laird v. Tatum, a case challenging the validity of certain arrests, even though Rehnquist had previously served as a White House lawyer who had opined that the arrest program was valid.