* 1471 – In England, the Yorkists under Edward IV defeat the Lancastrians under the Earl of Warwick at the Battle of Barnet ; the Earl is killed and Edward IV resumes the throne.

* February 2 – Battle of Mortimer's Cross: Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales.

* April 25 – Battle of Hedgeley Moor: Yorkist forces under Lord Montague defeat Lancastrians under Sir Ralph Percy, who is killed.

Edward found himself at odds with the barons, too, in particular the Lancastrians under Thomas of Lancaster, whilst continuing the war against the Scots that he had inherited from Edward I.

Nonetheless, when Warwick joined the Lancastrians, Exeter obeyed Margaret and served under the earl during the invasion of England.

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

During the reign of the Lancastrians, impeachments were very frequent, but they reduced under the Tudors, when bills of attainder became the preferred method.

According to some accounts, shortly after the rout of the Lancastrians at Tewkesbury, a small contingent of men under the Duke of Clarence found the grieving prince near a grove where he was immediately beheaded on a makeshift block, despite his pleas.

Later, in the 15th century under the ownership of Richard, Duke of York, the castle was a major base in the Wars of the Roses and was taken by the Lancastrians in 1459 but back in York hands in 1461.

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

After the Lancastrians came to power under Henry IV, Worcester was captured and beheaded, with his titles forfeited.

Early next morning the Yorkists were ambushed by a large party of Lancastrians under Sir John Clifford and John, Lord Neville ( Warwick ’ s half-great-uncle ).

Stanley's fortunes were equally good under the Lancastrians.

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Category: People executed under the Lancastrians

Their best hope was to march northwards and join forces with the Lancastrians in Wales, led by Jasper Tudor.

Oxfordians, such as Dorothy and Charlton Ogburn, believe Shakespeare created such a role for the 13th Earl because it was the easiest way Edward de Vere could have " advertised his loyalty to the Tudor Queen " and remind her of " the historic part borne by the Earls of Oxford in defeating the usurpers and restoring the Lancastrians to power ".

English castles, including Kenilworth, did not play a decisive role during the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 – 85 ), which were fought primarily in the form of pitched battles between the rival factions of the Lancastrians and the Yorkists.

The Despensers were opposed to both the Lancastrians and their other allies in the Welsh Marches, making an easy alliance with Edward, who sought revenge for the death of Gaveston.

Believing that the Lancastrians were about to offer battle, Edward temporarily halted his army while the stragglers caught up and the remainder could rest after their rapid march from Windsor.

King Edward realised that the Lancastrians were seeking to cross the River Severn into Wales.

The Lancastrians were forced to abandon some of their artillery, which was captured by Yorkist reinforcements following from Gloucester.

The Yorkists numbered 5, 000 and were slightly outnumbered by the Lancastrians.

Concerned that hidden Lancastrians might attack from this quarter, he ordered 200 mounted spearmen to occupy part of the woods and prevent the Lancastrians making use of them, or act on their own initiative if they were not themselves attacked.

Among the leading Lancastrians who died on the field were Somerset's younger brother John Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset and the Earl of Devon.

At the same time, other Lancastrians were rallying in Northern England.

Another suggestion was that York and his opponents had agreed a day for battle ( 6 January, the Feast of Epiphany ) after a Christmas truce, but when York moved into the open the Lancastrians treacherously attacked earlier than had been agreed, catching York at a disadvantage while many of his men were absent foraging for supplies.

One near-contemporary source ( Gregory's Chronicle ) claimed that 2, 500 Yorkists and 200 Lancastrians were killed, but other sources give wildly differing figures, from 2, 200 to only 700 Yorkist dead.

The Lancastrians withdrew to the north but were decisively defeated by Edward and Warwick at the Battle of Towton.

But the next year, Margaret was left despairing when Clarence and Warwick supported a French-backed Lancastrian invasion of England: although she, together with her mother Cecily, Dowager Duchess of York, attempted to reconcile Clarence and Edward IV, the rebellion continued, and on 2 October 1470 the Lancastrians were returned to power and Edward had fled to Margaret and Charles in Burgundy.

English castles did not play a decisive role during the Wars of the Roses, fought between 1455 and 1485, which were primarily in the form of pitched battles between the rival factions of the Lancastrians and the Yorkists.

Henry V restored Hotspur's son, the second Earl, to his family honours, and the Percies were staunch Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses which followed, the third Earl and three of his brothers losing their lives in the cause.

On the English mainland, the Lancastrians were quick to exploit the Yorkist flight.

Three hundred other Lancastrians were slain in the battle.

At the beginning of 1464, after setbacks in 1463, the Lancastrians were hoping that the Welsh Marches and the West Country would rise in their support.

York had abandoned not only his troops but also his wife Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, his two younger sons and his daughter, who were found standing at the Ludlow Market Cross when the Lancastrians arrived.

Six months later, Henry VI, Somerset and the Percys ( the Lancastrians ) met the Duke of York and the Nevilles ( the Yorkists ) in the First Battle of St Albans, where the Duke of Somerset and the Earl of Northumberland were slain.