He also relied on the clergy for advice, including Lanfranc, a non-Norman who rose to become one of William's prominent ecclesiastical advisors in the late 1040s and remained so throughout the 1050s and 1060s.

The Whitsun council saw the appointment of Lanfranc as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas of Bayeux as the new Archbishop of York, to replace Ealdred, who had died in September 1069.

In his treatment of ecclesiastical policy and ecclesiastical reform, Gregory did not stand alone, but found powerful support: in England Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury stood closest to him ; in France his champion was Bishop Hugo of Dié, who afterwards became Archbishop of Lyon.

By the time this letter was received by Lanfranc in Rome, it had been read by several other people ; and as Berengar was not well thought of there, Lanfranc feared his association with him might prejudice his own interests, and laid the matter before the pope, Leo IX, who excommunicated Berengar at a synod after Easter, 1050, and summoned him to appear personally at another to be held at Vercelli in September.

The latest was either Garsenda of Forcalquier, who died in 1242, though her period of poetic patronage and composition probably occurred a quarter century earlier, or Guilleuma de Rosers, who composed a tenso with Lanfranc Cigala, known between 1235 and 1257.

In 1218 – 1220 Genoa was served by the Guelph podestà Rambertino Buvalelli, who probably introduced Occitan literature to the city, which was soon to boast such troubadours as Jacme Grils, Lanfranc Cigala, and Bonifaci Calvo.

Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumberland, one of the rebels, soon lost heart and confessed the conspiracy to Lanfranc, who urged Earl Roger to return to his allegiance, and finally excommunicated him and his adherents.

However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc and then in person to William, who was at the time in Normandy.

At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 the tenant-in-chief of the manor was Archbishop Lanfranc, a stern and very capable man, rivalling the King himself in statesmanship, who had been appointed to the see of Canterbury in 1070 after the Conquest.

Waltheof soon lost heart and confessed the conspiracy to Archbishop of Canterbury Lanfranc, who urged Earl Roger to return to his allegiance, and finally excommunicated him and his adherents, and then to William, who was in Normandy.

Lanfranc, the first post-Conquest archbishop, was dubious about some of the saints venerated at Canterbury.

Lanfranc retorted that " you will not seize the bishop of Bayeux, but confine the earl of Kent ": Odo was both bishop of Bayeux, and earl of Kent.

The 14th abbot, he was appointed by the new Archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc.

For her sons, she secured Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury of whom she was an ardent supporter.

It was held by Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury.

It was held by Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury.

It was held by Bainiard from Archbishop Lanfranc of Canterbury.

At this Chapter Lanfranc Settala, the leader of the Bonites, was elected Prior General.

Lanfranc ( c. 1005 – 1089 ) was Archbishop of Canterbury, and a Lombard by birth.

Lanfranc was born in the early years of the 11th century at Pavia, where later tradition held that his father, Hanbald, held a rank broadly equivalent to magistrate.

Lanfranc was trained in the liberal arts, at that time a field in which northern Italy was famous ( there is little or no evidence to support the myth that his education included much in the way of Civil Law, and none that links him with Irnerius of Bologna as a pioneer in the renaissance of its study ).

Lanfranc was then persuaded by Abbot Herluin to open a school in the monastery.

In this way Lanfranc set the seal of intellectual activity on the reform movement of which Bec was the centre.

At this council Lanfranc obtained the confirmation of primacy that he sought ; nonetheless he was never able to secure its formal confirmation by the papacy, possibly as a result of the succession of Gregory VII to the papal throne in 1073.

By long tradition the primate was entitled to a leading position in the king ’ s councils ; and the interests of the Church demanded that Lanfranc should use his power in a manner not displeasing to the king.

On several occasions when William I was absent from England Lanfranc acted as his vicegerent.

Although Theobald was pious and well-educated, he had only become abbot the year before, and his election was probably influenced by the reputation of his monastery, which had already produced two archbishops of Canterbury, Lanfranc and Anselm.

Lanfranc, basing himself, he said, on Bede's writings, had already assured Pope Alexander II that Dublin formed part of the province of Canterbury and that it was for him to consecrate the new bishop.

He mentions Lanfranc as having been " famous in our own time ", which places Henry's birthdate a few years before 1109, the year Lanfranc died.

Another reason for the appointment may have been pressure from the papacy to appoint Lanfranc.

In 1066 Lanfranc became the first abbot of St Stephen's at Caen, a house which the duke had supposedly been enjoined to found as a penance for his disobedience to the Holy See.

Lanfranc, during a visit which he paid the pope for the purpose of receiving his pallium, obtained an order from Alexander that the disputed points should be settled by a council of the English Church.

Lanfranc accelerated the process of substituting Normans for Englishmen in all preferments of importance ; and although his nominees were usually respectable, it cannot be said that all of them were better than the men whom they superseded.

On the death of the Conqueror in 1087 Lanfranc secured the succession for William Rufus, in spite of the discontent of the Anglo-Norman baronage ; and in 1088 his exhortations induced the English militia to fight on the side of the new sovereign against Odo of Bayeux and the other partisans of Duke Robert.

In the 11th century, Berengar of Tours seized upon “ Scotus ’” book as a source for his view of the Eucharist in his debate with Lanfranc of Bec, and was summarily condemned by the local Council of Vercelli in 1050.

To placate the pope, the king dispatched St-Calais to Rome, possibly with Lanfranc, to explain to the pope the reasons for imprisoning Odo.

The manuscript was an edition that had been collected or prepared by Lanfranc for the use of the chapter of Canterbury.

Neither Lanfranc nor Anselm ever made direct primatial claims for Canterbury in relation to the Irish church.

He was a strong opponent of the slave trade, and together with Lanfranc, was mainly responsible for ending the trade from Bristol.

Roscellinus seems to have put forward this doctrine in perfect good faith, and to have claimed for it at first the authority of Lanfranc and Anselm.

" This ancient Hospital of St. Nicholas Harbledown was founded by Archbishop Lanfranc c. 1084 for the relief of Lepers.