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Late-19th-century Germans in Austria-Hungary, as a general rule, wanted the Empire to maintain its German character established during the period of forcible Germanization in the 17th and 18th century, so they resisted the demands of the other ethnic groups for linguistic recognition.
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Late-19th-century and .
Late-19th-century finds of funerary urns show that the human presence in the area dates back at least to the Bronze Age, when people would have lived in settlements of pile dwellings raised above the rivers and marshes.
Late-19th-century engraving.
Late-19th-century big city newspapers such as the Chicago Daily News-founded in 1875 by Melville Stone-ushered in an era of news reporting that was, unlike earlier periods, in tune with the particulars of community life in specific cities.
Germans and Austria-Hungary
This development outraged Austria-Hungary, who was Russia's chief competitor for influence in the Balkan region ( despite being an ally of the Russians and the Germans in the Three Emperors ' League ).
The passenger list records them as ethnic Germans and citizens of Austria-Hungary.
At the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the delegates of the Romanian and some German communities voted for union with Romania, the delegates of the Serbian, Bunjevac and other Slavic and non-Slavic communities ( including some Germans ) voted for union with Serbia, while the Hungarian minority remained loyal to the government in Budapest.
When Kohn was born, the town was populated almost entirely by ethnic Germans with only a very small German-speaking Jewish community, and was part of the Silesia region of Austria-Hungary.
In addition to blaming the Germans for the rise of Bolshevism, Kramář was critical of Germany for having initiated the First World War and believed that Germany had misused its close relations with Austria-Hungary for its own ends.
With more Slavs, the South Slavs of Austria-Hungary could force a new political compromise in which the Germans could play the Magyars against the South Slavs.
As a result of the departure of the Romanian intellectuals in 1940 and 1944, of the Bukovinian Germans in 1940-41, of the surviving Bukovinian Jews in 1945, and of the forceful repatriation of Bukovinian Polish to Poland, Cernăuţi, one of the cultural and university " jewels " of both Austria-Hungary and Romania ceased to exist as such, its population ( already 100, 000 in 1930 ) being greatly reduced.
Ritter felt that in retrospect it was not necessary from the German point of view to maintain Austria-Hungary as a great power, but claimed that at the time, most Germans regarded the Dual Monarchy as a " brother empire ", and viewed the prospect of the Balkans being in the Russian sphere of influence as an unacceptable threat.
The ethnic mixture was composed of Jews, Poles, Ukrainians ( including Hutsuls ), Germans, Armenians, and Hungarians, as well as of descendants of Valachians and other nationalities of former Austria-Hungary.
Shortly after declaring war on Serbia, Conrad informed the Germans that Austria-Hungary could not start operations until August 12th, to much fury in Berlin.
As the twentieth century started to unfold, the greatest problem facing the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was that it consisted of twelve distinctly different ethnic groupings, of which only two, the Germans and Hungarians ( who together accounted for about 44 % of the total population ), wielded any power or control.
Germans and general
Whale's original cut of the film was given generally positive reviews but sometime between preview screenings and the film's general release Rogers capitulated to the Germans, ordering that cuts be made and additional scenes be shot and inserted.
It is unlikely that the Germans named the lake so for being shallow since the adjective is a Greek loanword that was borrowed via French and entered the general German vocabulary in the 17th century.
Eisenhower used Patton's " furlough " as a trick to mislead the Germans as to where the next attack would be, since Patton was the general that the German High Command believed would lead the attack.
The resistance of the German Fourth army, unusually wet weather, the onset of winter and the diversion of British and French resources to Italy, following the Austro-German victory at the Battle of Caporetto, ( 24 October – 19 November ) allowed the Germans to avoid a general withdrawal, which had seemed inevitable to them in October.
In October 1917, Lawrence, as part of a general effort to divert Turkish military resources away from the British advance before the Third Battle of Gaza, led a small force of Syrians and Arabians in defending Petra against a much larger combined force of Turks and Germans.
West Germany in the late 1960s was shaken by student disturbances and a general " change of the times " that not all Germans were willing to accept or approve.
The general tendency of its policy throughout the war of investitures was Imperial and not Roman ; and its bishops were, for the most part, Germans.
During World War II, Utrecht was held by the Germans until the general German surrender of the Netherlands on 5 May 1945.
In AD 69 the Batavi and other tribes rose against Roman rule in the Revolt of the Batavi, becoming a general uprising by all the Germans in the region.
In a looser but still valid sense, and in general discourse, the word is frequently used in lieu of the ideologically tainted term Volksdeutsche, denoting persons living abroad without German citizenship but defining themselves as Germans ( culturally or ethnically speaking ).
" But more often the Amish characters are heard speaking High German, the standard language of most German-speaking Europeans, which actually is used rarely by the Amish in particular, or Pennsylvania Germans in general.
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the Germans took as hostages the prominent people or officials from towns or districts when making requisitions and also when foraging, and it was a general practice for the mayor and adjoint of a town which failed to pay a fine imposed upon it to be seized as hostages and retained till the money was paid.
This could be owing to the general nature of the prisoners that were sent there ; most of them had attempted escape previously from other prisons and were transferred to Colditz because the Germans had thought the castle escape-proof.
Between 15: 00 and 17: 00, a general ceasefire went into effect around the perimeter and about 450 stretcher cases and walking wounded were evacuated from the perimeter, the Germans using jeeps and ambulances to take serious cases straight to Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Arnhem where British, German and Dutch medical staff worked side by side.
While interned, Clamence meets a comrade, introduced to the reader only as " Du Guesclin ", who had fought in the Spanish Civil War, was captured by " the Catholic general ", and now found himself in the hands of the Germans in Africa.
As many of the children could not be evacuated, Sister Margaret made a personal plea to an American general not to shell the hospital, which the Germans were using as an observation post.
The Danes, in spite of every discouragement, never ceased to strive for the preservation and extension of their national traditions and language ; the Germans were equally bent on effectually absorbing these recalcitrant Teutons into the general life of the German empire ; and to this end the uncertain status of the Danish optants was a useful means.
On the morning of June 23 the Germans began a general retreat toward Riga.
The almost entirely unfavorable outcome of the military operations led to vehement attacks on him in the press, but the unreadiness and ineffectiveness of the troops and the general lack of interest in the war on the part of the soldiers foredoomed the South Germans to failure in any case.
On this day a general partisan uprising and the ( Western ) Allied spring offensive managed to oust the Germans from Italy almost entirely.
Called D, the film focuses on the 19th-century Dreyfus Affair, in which one of the few Jewish members of the French Army general staff was unjustly convicted of passing secrets to the Germans and sent to Devil's Island, before finally being cleared 12 years later.
He now sought in vain to secure a modification of the tenth article of the Augsburg Confession, but when the position of the Upper Germans was officially rejected, Philip left the Diet directing his representatives manfully to uphold the Protestant position, and to keep general, not particular, interests constantly in view.
" Charles de Gaulle, whom Reynaud had long supported and one of the few French commanders to have fought the Germans successfully in 1940, was promoted to brigadier general and named undersecretary of war.
As a major general, Chetwode had been in command of cavalry on the Western Front, where he was involved in pursuing retreating Germans after the First Battle of the Marne.
Germans and rule
As a result of the Treaty, Germany's territory was reduced by about 13 %, several million ethnic Germans came under foreign rule, even though they were the majority in many of those areas, the Rhineland was demilitarized and Allied troops occupied several areas.
The idea was that Germans should " naturally " rule over lesser peoples.
" In 1924, ten years after the beginning of the First World War and six years into British rule, the visiting American Phelps-Stokes Commission reported: In regards to schools, the Germans have accomplished marvels.
Following the Potsdam Conference agreements the Soviets and then Polish administration expelled most of those Warmia Germans remaining to Western part of Germany under the Allied rule, unless in the Polish voivodeship they declared themselves Polish speakers.
This occurred at the insistence of Emperor Otto I the Great, " the first of the Germans to be called the emperor of Italy ", who on 2 February 962 had been crowned emperor by John XII to rule the territories that would later become known as the Holy Roman Empire.
Separatism, resistance to Soviet rule and collaboration with the invading Germans were cited as the main official reasons for the deportations, although an ambition to ethnically cleanse the regions may have also been a factor.
After abolishing the cabinet council system that was in favor during the rule of Anna, and reconstituting the senate as it had been under Peter the Great, with the chiefs of the departments of state ( none of them Germans as was the case previously ), the first task undertaken by the new empress was to address her quarrel with Sweden.
In 1939, with Germany ’ s invasion of France looming, Miró relocated to Varengeville in Normandy, and on May 20 of the following year, as Germans invaded Paris, he narrowly fled to Spain ( now controlled by Francisco Franco ) for the duration of the Vichy Regime ’ s rule.
The Baltic Germans ' effective rule and class privileges came to the end with the demise of the Russian Empire ( due to the Bolshevik revolution of October 1917 ) and the independence of Estonia and Latvia in 1918 – 1919.
Later, with Estonia and Latvia falling under Soviet rule after 1944, the Baltic Germans never came to live in the Baltics again.
* Puerto Rico: 1, 453 German-speakers and the island experienced a large migration of Germans in the 19th century during Spanish rule.
Many Germans at the time found the pogroms troubling, as they equated them with the days of the SA street rule and lawlessness.
John Law encouraged Germans, particularly Germans of the Alsatian region who had recently fallen under French rule, and the Swiss to emigrate.
He established the tradition of inviting ordinary citizens to the president's New Year's receptions, and in his speeches he encouraged the Germans to overcome the spirit of submissiveness to the authorities, to make full use of their democratic rights, and to defend the rule of law and social justice.
" On the other hand, Dietrich was warmly welcomed by other Germans, including Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt, who was, like Dietrich, an opponent of the Nazis who had lived in exile during their rule.
Some population figures: 1828: 6, 800 ; 1832: 8, 100 ; 1851: 15, 200 ; 1880 ( the first to report nationality ): 11, 829 Germans and 11, 812 Czechs ; 1890: 11, 642 and 16, 585 ; 1900: 15, 400 and 23, 400 ; 1910: 16, 900 and 27, 300 ; 1921 ( the first held under Czech rule ): 7, 415 and 35, 800.
Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans.
At the first census after liberation from Ottoman rule in 1884, from population of 33, 442 inhabitants the majority were 16, 752 Bulgarians ( 50 %), followed by 7, 144 Turks ( 21 %), 5, 497 Greeks ( 16 %), 2, 168 Jews ( 6 %), 1, 061 Armenians ( 3 %), 151 Italians, 112 Germans, 112 Roma, 80 Frenchs, 61 Russians and 304 people of other nationalities.
Apart from German strongholds like Stockholm, Albert was unpopular in large parts of Sweden, especially among Swedish commoners in the provinces, who were discontent with Albert's policy of appointing Germans as officials in all Swedish provinces and who suffered under his rule.
" In 1924, ten years after the beginning of the First World War and six years into British rule, the visiting American Phelps-Stokes Commission reported: " In regards to schools, the Germans have accomplished marvels.
Also, throughout his rule, especially after the loss of Sweden to the Germans, a noticeable number of Swedish noblemen pledged their support to Haakon and settled on Norwegian lands.
This figure, higher than the size of the German minority, included also a couple thousand Romanians, Ukrainian, etc., posing as Germans to flee the Soviet rule.
This gave a good pretext to Prussia to engage in war with Denmark in order to seize Schleswig and Holstein for itself, both by pleasing nationalists by ' liberating ' Germans from Danish rule, and by implementing the law of the German Confederation.
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