* 1983 – Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect

The Laughlin River Run started in 1983 and has thousands of avid motorcyclists attending annually each spring, usually in late April.

In 1983, Laughlin was first to provide a many body wave function, now known as the Laughlin wavefunction, for the fractional quantum hall effect, which was able to correctly explain the fractionalized charge observed in experiments.

Big Bend Water District was created in 1983 to service the community of Laughlin, Nevada.

( see figure ) The effect was observed to be independent of parameters such as the system size and impurities, and in 1981, theorist Robert Laughlin proposed a theory describing the integer states in terms of a topological invariant called the Chern number.

The state's highest recorded temperature was in Laughlin ( elevation of ) on June 29, 1994.

As several authors have pointed out ( Mamdani 1996 ; Gentili 1999 ; O ' Laughlin 2000 ), the Indigenato regime was the political system that subordinated the immense majority of Mozambicans to local authorities entrusted with governing, in collaboration with the lowest echelon of the colonial administration, the " native " communities described as tribes and assumed to have a common ancestry, language, and culture.

The colonial use of traditional law and structures of power was thus an integral part of the process of colonial domination ( Young 1994 ; Penvenne 1995 ; O ' Laughlin 2000 ) obsessed with the maximization of economic development and growth through the use of idle or unproductive African workforce.

The link between exact quantization and gauge invariance was subsequently found by Robert Laughlin.

This campaign continued until the NLRA was found constitutional by the Supreme Court in National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation ( 1937 ).

The first white settler in the area that would become Montgomery County was William Offield, earlier of Tennessee, who arrived in 1821 with his wife Jennie ( née Laughlin ) and one child and settled near the confluence of Offield Creek and Sugar Creek, about five miles ( 8 km ) southwest of Crawfordsville.

In 2011, the Laughlin / Bullhead International Airport was named Airport of the Year by the Arizona Department of Transportation.

In 2011, the Laughlin / Bullhead International Airport was named Airport of the Year by the Arizona Department of Transportation.

On October 27, 2011, Kelli O ' Laughlin, a 14 year-old freshman at Lyons Township High School was murdered.

Lake Sherwood ( originally Lake Laughlin or Loch Lin ), which is near the original Overland Park, was developed as a private residence in 1877 and is now a gated community.

The townsite of Laughlin was established in the 1940s as South Pointe because of the proximity to the southern tip of the state of Nevada.

In April 2002, Laughlin was the scene of the River Run Riot, a vicious fight between two rival California motorcycle gangs, the Hells Angels and the Mongols.

The $ 30 million dollar project was the most successful private sidewalk constructed in Laughlin.

In 2007, the television show Viva Laughlin, based on the BBC television serial Blackpool, was reformatted to take place in Laughlin.

Although set in Laughlin, the show was filmed almost entirely in California, including all principal photography, and generally bore no resemblance to real life in Laughlin.

There was some brief second unit photography on Casino Drive in Laughlin.

In 1942, the Army Air Corps opened Laughlin Field east of Del Rio as a training base for the Martin B-26, but it was deactivated in 1945.

As the Cold War pressures built, Laughlin Field was rebuilt and renamed Laughlin Air Force Base.

The proposed site was located on property belonging to Laughlin AFB.

* Laughlin states and fractionally-charged quasiparticles: this theory, proposed by Laughlin, is based on accurate trial wave functions for the ground state at fraction as well as its quasiparticle and quasihole excitations.

* Fractional exchange statistics of quasiparticles: Bertrand Halperin conjectured, and Daniel Arovas, J. R. Schrieffer, and Frank Wilczek demonstrated, that the fractionally charged quasiparticle excitations of the Laughlin states are anyons with fractional statistical angle ; the wave function acquires phase factor of ( together with an Aharonov-Bohm phase factor ) when identical quasiparticles are exchanged in a counterclockwise sense.

In 1982 Robert Laughlin explained the fractional quantum Hall effect by postulating the existence of fractionally-charged quasiparticles.

Even as Democrats with far less conservative voting records ( such as Greg Laughlin, Jimmy Hayes, Billy Tauzin and Nathan Deal ) switched parties, Hall insisted he would remain a Democrat as long as it did not hurt his constituents.

In 1998, along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia and Robert Laughlin of Stanford, Tsui was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

At The Choate School ( now Choate Rosemary Hall ) in Wallingford, Connecticut, Laughlin showed an early interest in literature.

In 1988, Margaret Elardi bought The Frontier from the late Howard Hughes company, Summa Corp .. Elardi had previously been the part-owner of the Pioneer Club Las Vegas and the Pioneer Hotel & Gambling Hall in Laughlin.

Michael C. O ' Laughlin states that families of the surname Aiken ( and variants: Ekin, Aikens, Aikins, Aicken, Aitken ) are mostly of Scottish and English descent.

O ' Laughlin states that these names originate, in most cases, to the English name Aitken.

During the early 20th century, Harry H. Laughlin, director of the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, New York, became concerned that states were not enforcing their eugenics laws.

* Hierarchy states: this theory was proposed by Duncan Haldane, and further clarified by Halperin, to explain the observed filling fractions not occurring at the Laughlin states '.

Starting with the Laughlin states, new states at different fillings can be formed by condensing quasiparticles into their own Laughlin states.

The new states and their fillings are constrained by the fractional statistics of the quasiparticles, producing e. g. and states from the Laughlin state.

Composite fermion theory provides a complementary description of the Laughlin and hierarchy states.

It gives trial wave functions which, though not identical to those produced from the hierarchy picture ( the wave functions for the Laughlin states are identical ), are in the same universality class, as shown by Read.

The book, distributed widely by Gosney, was used to promote compulsory sterilization legislation in other states and countries, and along with work by Harry H. Laughlin was one of the most influential texts on sterilization in the United States.

In 1969, Caron married Michael Laughlin, best known as producer of the film Two-Lane Blacktop ; they divorced in 1980.

Many of the casinos that line the Colorado River are linked by an unofficial pedestrian thoroughfare known as the Laughlin Riverwalk.

Aliquippa is best known as the location of a productive steel mill that the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company constructed there along the Ohio River beginning in 1905.

Thomas James " Tom " Laughlin ( born February 14, 1971 ) is an American professional wrestler better known by his ring name Tommy Dreamer.

The earliest known proposal to irrigate the Grand Coulee with the Columbia River dates to 1892, when the Coulee City News and The Spokesman Review reported on a scheme by a man named Laughlin McLean to construct a dam across the Columbia River, high enough that water would back up into the Grand Coulee.

Laughlin / Bullhead International Airport, also known as Bullhead City International Airport, is a public airport located one mile ( 2 km ) north of the central business district of Bullhead City, in Mohave County, Arizona, USA.

Laughlin / Bullhead International Airport used to be known simply as the " Bullhead City Airport " until the 1990s, when such airlines as Air Laughlin, Vanguard Airlines, Viscount Air Services and others offered Boeing 737 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9 flights from Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix.

In the early 1950s, Laughlin took part in what has come to be known as the Cultural Cold War against the Soviet Union.

Laughlin is best known for his series of Billy Jack films.

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, 301 U. S. 1 ( 1937 ), was a United States Supreme Court case that declared that the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 ( commonly known as the Wagner Act ) was constitutional.

The Golden Nugget Laughlin was known as the Nevada Club before it was acquired by Golden Nugget Companies.

** Tom Laughlin ( born 1971 ), American professional wrestler better known as Tommy Dreamer

Trisa Hayes Laughlin ( born Trisa Hayes on March 14, 1969 ) is an American professional wrestling valet, better known by her ring name, Beulah McGillicutty.

In 1984, Republic merged into the Jones and Laughlin Steel subsidiary of the LTV Corporation, with the new entity being known as LTV Steel.

Formerly known as the Lamont Poetry Selection, the Laughlin Award is given in recognition of a poet's second published book, and is considered to be the only major award honoring excellent second books.

In addition to the above listed scheduled service, occasional charter flights ( known as " casino or gamblers ' flights ") to Laughlin or Wendover, Nevada are offered.

In addition, occasional charter flights ( known as " casino or gamblers flights ") to Laughlin or Wendover, Nevada are offered.

Clarence John Laughlin ( 1905-2 January 1985 ) was an American photographer best known for his surrealist photographs of the U. S. South.

" However because the image is illustrating an important historical biographical article, because there are no known freer images available, because the image is no larger than it needs to be for web use, and because we have tried in a good faith manner to provide the original copyright information above so that those who wish to use this image in the future may locate it for licensing, I am going to assert that its use for the article on Harry H. Laughlin on the non-profit, U. S .- based English Wikipedia, falls under the " fair use " provisions of U. S. copyright law.

The Homer Laughlin Building, at 317 South Broadway in downtown Los Angeles, is a landmark building best known for its ground floor tenant, the Grand Central Market, the City's largest and oldest open air market.