The earliest known lenses were made from polished crystal, often quartz, and have been dated as early as 700 BC for Assyrian lenses such as the Layard / Nimrud lens.

A tablet unearthed in 1854 by Austen Henry Layard in Nineveh reveals Ashurbanipal as an " avenger ", seeking retribution for the humiliations the Elamites had inflicted on the Mesopotamians over the centuries:

Layard, who was in Mosul on his first expedition ( 1845 – 1847 ), was impressed by the hard-working Rassam and took him under his wing ; they would remain friends for life.

He was adviser with Austen Henry Layard in the scheme of decoration for the Assyrian court at The Crystal Palace, and in 1856 assumed the duties of general manager to the Crystal Palace Company, a post which he held for two years.

A similar authority was cited by Austen Henry Layard for excavations at Nimrud which he mistakenly believed was Nineveh.

Together with important British art historians such as Austen Henry Layard he re-edited the original 1843 guidebook to Rome for John Murray.

In addition to housing Canford's drama department and student productions, the Layard theatre provides a venue for a wide range of professional entertainment, including top quality theatre and music.

As a footnote, the Senior Research Officer for the committee that drew up the report was Richard Layard, who was to become a well-known British economist.

Apart from various academic positions he has held since the 1960s, Layard has worked as an advisor for numerous organizations, including government institutions in the United Kingdom and Russia.

From these observations, Layard concludes that taxes serve another purpose besides paying for public services ( usually for public goods ) and redistributing income.

The bulk of the new beetles, some of the Hymenoptera ( the rest were described by Frederick Smith ) and other insects in Templeton's collection were described by Francis Walker who also compiled the first list of the insects of Ceylon for Tennent's book Ceylon, Physical, Historical and Topographical based on the collections of Templeton, Layard, the British Museum and the Museum of the East India Company ; there are 2, 000 species and Layard and Templeton captured between them 932 species of butterflies and moths in Ceylon many, new to science.

The earliest known lenses were made from polished crystal, often quartz, and have been dated as early as 700 BC for Assyrian lenses such as the Layard / Nimrud lens.

The earliest known lenses were made from polished crystal, often quartz, and have been dated as early as 700 BC for Assyrian lenses such as the Layard / Nimrud lens.

Layard then began a political career, and Rassam continued field work ( 1852 – 1854 ) at Nimrud and Kuyunjik, where he made a number of important and independent discoveries, including clay tablets that would later be deciphered by George Smith as the Epic of Gilgamesh, the world's oldest-known example of written literature.

Rassam then returned to England and, with the help of his friend Layard, started a new career in government with a posting to the British Consulate in Aden.

Having collected a large amount of invaluable information on this and kindred topics, in addition to much geographical knowledge gained in the prosecution of various explorations ( including visits with Sir Austen Henry Layard to the ruins of Nineveh ), he returned to England on leave of absence in 1849.

Layard remained in the neighbourhood of Mosul, carrying on excavations at Kuyunjik and Nimrud, and investigating the condition of various peoples, until 1847 ; and, returning to England in 1848, published Nineveh and its Remains: with an Account of a Visit to the Chaldaean Christians of Kurdistan, and the Yezidis, and an Inquiry into the Manners and Arts of the Ancient Assyrians ( 2 vols., 1848 – 1849 ).

During these expeditions, often in circumstances of great difficulty, Layard despatched to England the splendid specimens which now form the greater part of the collection of Assyrian antiquities in the British Museum.

The library is an archaeological discovery credited to Austen Henry Layard ; most tablets were taken to England and can now be found in the British Museum, but a first discovery was made in late 1849 in the so-called South-West Palace, which was the Royal Palace of king Sennacherib ( 705 – 681 BC ).

Recently, Layard has shifted his attention to the study of what has since come to be known as happiness economics.

In the 1840s and 1850s the Museum supported excavations in Assyria by A. H. Layard and others at sites such as Nimrud and Nineveh.

The collection was dramatically enlarged by the excavations of A. H. Layard at the Assyrian sites of Nimrud and Nineveh between 1845 and 1851.

A crystal lens, turned on the lathe, was discovered by Austen Henry Layard at Nimrud along with glass vases bearing the name of Sargon ; this could explain the excessive minuteness of some of the writing on the Assyrian tablets, and a lens may also have been used in the observation of the heavens.

During 1866 Layard founded " Compagnia Venezia Murano " and opened a venetian glass showroom in London at 431 Oxford Street.

When he was 20 years old, he was hired by British archaeologist A. H. Layard as a pay master at a nearby dig site.

It was recovered by Austen Henry Layard in 1849 ( in fragmentary form ) in the ruined Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh ( Mosul, Iraq ), and published by George Smith in 1876.

* Assyrian relief of King Ashurnasirpal II and a court official, from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal at Nimrud, excavated by Austen Henry Layard in the 1840s ; the medical pioneer James Young Simpson gave the panel to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, who passed it into the national collection

His son, Paul-Émile Botta ( 1802-1870 ), was a distinguished traveller and Assyrian archaeologist, whose excavations at Khorsabad ( 1843 ) were among the first efforts in the line of investigation afterwards pursued by Layard.

Layard assisted Claus Moser on the Robbins enquiry, and later developed a reputation in the economics of education ( with Mark Blaug at LSE ), and labour economics ( in particular with Stephen Nickell ).

The campuses are at opposite ends of Layard Street and are separated by about a 15 minute walk.

Many specimens were found by Sir Austen Henry Layard in his excavations at Nimrud in 1845 – 1851.

Templeton, Layard and George Henry Kendrick Thwaites and later John Nietner ( died 1874 ) contributed almost all that was known of the insect fauna of the island at the end of the first half of the nineteenth century including a privately printed list of Thysanura, Myriapoda, Scorpionidea, Cheliferidae and Phrynidae ( now Amblypygi ) from Ceylon which is not traced, and remarked on the habits of the large poisonous centipedes Scolopendra pallipes and S. crassa in two ( published ) communications to Westwood.

In 1877, Layard became Britain's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, which ruled Mesopotamia at the time.

from the University of Oxford, Layard returned to Constantinople as attaché to the British embassy, and, in August 1849, started on a second expedition, in the course of which he extended his investigations to the ruins of Babylon and the mounds of southern Mesopotamia.

* Layard, Richard ( 2005 ), Happiness: Lessons from a new Science, Penguin Press, ISBN 0-14-303701-3

* John Layard ( 1891 – 1974 ), anthropologist and psychologist

It was opened by Sir Richard Eyre in May 1999, and was part-funded from the £ 7. 7 million achieved through the sale of an Assyrian relief ( see below ), originally brought to Canford when it was a private house by Sir Austen Henry Layard in the mid-nineteenth century.

Layard retired to Venice, where he devoted much of his time to collecting pictures of the Venetian school, and to writing on Italian art.

He disposed of his valuable collection of Babylonian, Sabaean, and Sassanian antiquities to the trustees of the British Museum, who also made him a considerable grant to enable him to carry on the Assyrian and Babylonian excavations initiated by Layard.

Layard resigned from office in 1869, on being sent as envoy extraordinary to Madrid.

It was based on similar active labour market policies in Sweden, which Layard has spent much of his academic career studying.

The Right Honourable Sir A. H. Layard, G. C. B., and his Highness Safvet Pasha, now the Grand Vizier of His Majesty the Sultan, have agreed to the following Annex to the Convention signed by them as Plenipotentiaries of their respective Governments on the 4th June, 1878:

See WJ Linton, Memories ; FG Kitton, article on " Eliza Lynn Linton " in English Illustrated Magazine ( April 1891 ); GS Layard, Life of Mrs Lynn Linton ( 1901 ).

According to Assyrian military intelligence reports to Sargon recorded on clay tablets found in the Royal Archives of Nineveh by Sir Henry Layard, the Cimmerians invaded Urartu from Mannai in 714.

In Ceylon Templeton worked mainly on Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera alongside Edgar Leopold Layard ( 1824 – 1900 ).

His knowledge of the smaller mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes was instead incorporated in the work of others, notably George Robert Waterhouse and his coworker Edgar Leopold Layard who in the introduction to Notes on the ornithology of Ceylon says I have had the advantage of consulting with Mr. Blyth and Drs.

Rassam's expedition followed on from an earlier dig carried out in 1850 by the British archaeologist Austen Henry Layard, who excavated three mounds in the same area but found little of importance.