* 1814 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish authoer ( d. 1873 )

Carmilla is a Gothic novella by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu.

The story is presented by Le Fanu as part of the casebook of Dr Hesselius, whose departures from medical orthodoxy rank him as the first occult doctor in literature.

Though Le Fanu portrays his vampire's sexuality with the circumspection that one would expect for his time, it is evident that lesbian attraction is the main dynamic between Carmilla and the narrator of the story:

Stoker also indulges the air of mystery further than Le Fanu by allowing the characters to solve the enigma of the vampire along with the reader.

Lead singer Dani Filth has often cited Sheridan Le Fanu as an inspiration to his lyrics.

It was based on the story by Sheridan Le Fanu and billed as " The Erotic Horror Classic of Female Vampirism ".

Nuestra Señora de los Vampiros is a black and white one-shot published in 1999 by Spanish comic publisher Dude Comics based on the story by Sheridan Le Fanu, but with a modern twist.

* In the first story arc of Dynamite Entertainment's revamp of Vampirella, a villainous vampire named Le Fanu inhabits the basement of a Seattle nightclub named Carmilla.

Category: Novels by Sheridan Le Fanu

Harriet, herself a victim of poison-pen letters ever since her trial, reluctantly agrees to help, and spends much of the next few months resident at the college, ostensibly to do research on Sheridan Le Fanu and assist a don with her book.

According to literary critic Terry Eagleton, Le Fanu, together with his predecessor Maturin and his successor Stoker, form a sub-genre of Irish Gothic, whose stories, featuring castles set in a barren landscape, with a cast of remote aristocrats dominating an atavistic peasantry, represent in allegorical form the political plight of colonial Ireland subjected to the Protestant Ascendancy

The Gothic tradition continued in the 19th century, in such works as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ( 1818 ), Edgar Allan Poe's short stories, the works of Sheridan Le Fanu, Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ( 1886 ), Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray ( 1890 ), and Bram Stoker's Dracula ( 1897 ).

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1816 poem " Christabel " and the novella Carmilla ( 1872 ) by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu both present lesbianism associated with vampirism.

Joseph Thomas Sheridan Le Fanu ( 28 August 1814 – 7 February 1873 ) was an Irish writer of Gothic tales and mystery novels.

Sheridan Le Fanu was born at 45 Lower Dominick Street, Dublin, into a literary family of Huguenot origins.

Both his grandmother Alicia Sheridan Le Fanu and his great-uncle Richard Brinsley Sheridan were playwrights ( his niece Rhoda Broughton would become a successful novelist ).

Although he had a tutor, Le Fanu also used his father's library to educate himself.

Although Thomas Le Fanu tried to live as though he were well-off, the family was in constant financial difficulty.

Sheridan Le Fanu studied law at Trinity College in Dublin, where he was elected Auditor of the College Historical Society.

On 18 December 1844 Le Fanu married Susanna Bennett, the daughter of a leading Dublin barrister.

In 1847 Le Fanu supported John Mitchel and Thomas Francis Meagher in their campaign against the indifference of the government to the Irish Famine.

The house on Merrion Square where Le Fanu lived

Joseph Le Fanu never owned the house, but rented it from his brother-in-law for £ 22 per annum ( which he still failed to pay in full ).

After lukewarm reviews of the former novel, set in the Phoenix Park area of Dublin, Le Fanu signed a contract with Richard Bentley, his London publisher, which specified that future novels be stories " of an English subject and of modern times ", a step Bentley thought necessary for Le Fanu to satisfy the English audience.

An eminent member of this school, Georges Duby, wrote in the foreword of his book Le dimanche de Bouvines that the history he taught relegated the sensational to the sidelines and was reluctant to give a simple accounting of events, but strived on the contrary to pose and solve problems and, neglecting surface disturbances, to observe the long and medium-term evolution of economy, society and civilisation.

All through France, as Le Figaro wrote on the 16th, " people feasted much to honour the Bastille ".

Among the plays which he wrote in French, the most successful was Le bourru bienfaisant, produced on the occasion of the marriage of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in 1771.

He wrote sentimental plays, Le Fils naturel ( 1757 ) and Le Père de famille ( 1758 ), accompanying them with essays on theatrical theory and practice, including " Les Entretiens sur Le Fils Naturel " ( Conversations on The Natural Son ), in which he announced the principles of a new drama: the ' serious genre ', a realistic midpoint between comedy and tragedy that stood in opposition to the stilted conventions of the classical French stage.

In 1977 Dutch-Hungarian composer Geza Frid wrote a set of variations on The Elephant from Saint-Saëns ' Le Carnaval des Animaux for scordatura Double Bass and string orchestra.

In the Middle Ages, Guillaume Tirel Taillevent, a court chef, wrote Le Viandier, one of the earliest recipe collections of Medieval France.

Chef François Massialot wrote Le Cuisinier roïal et bourgeois in 1691, during the reign of Louis XIV.

Escoffier updated Le Guide Culinaire four times during his lifetime, noting in the foreword to the book's first edition that even with its 5, 000 recipes, the book should not be considered an " exhaustive " text, and that even if it were at the point when he wrote the book, " it would no longer be so tomorrow, because progress marches on each day.

In 1939, Nagib Mahfuz wrote the novel Khufu's Wisdom, which leans on the stories of Papyrus Westcar ; In 1997, French author Guy Brachet composed the novel series Le roman des pyramides, including five volumes, of which the first two ( Le temple soleil and Rêve de pierre ) are picking out Khufu and his tomb as a theme.

* The French Marquise de Créquy wrote in her book " Souvenirs ", that the tune Grand Dieu Sauve Le Roi, was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully in gratitude for the survival by Louis XIV of an anal fistula operation.

In the year 1569, Girolamo Mercuriale from Forlì ( Italy ) wrote Le Arte Gymnastica, that brought together his study of the attitudes of the ancients toward diet, exercise and hygiene, and the use of natural methods for the cure of disease.

* Pierre Efratas wrote a sequel called Le Destin d ' Ivanhoe ( 2003 ), published by Éditions Charles Corlet.

A writer in Le Quotidien de Paris wrote: " The much-feared pyramid has become adorable.

Critic and humorist Louis Leroy wrote a scathing review in the newspaper Le Charivari in which, making wordplay with the title of Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise ( Impression, soleil levant ), he gave the artists the name by which they became known.

He wrote both the words and music of his opera Le Devin du Village ( The Village Soothsayer ), which was performed for King Louis XV in 1752.

But in November, Ribbentrop arranged a meeting between de Brinon, who wrote for the Le Matin newspaper, and Hitler, during which Hitler stressed what he claimed to be his love of peace and his friendship towards France.

Under the pseudonym " Adam Hall ", Trevor Dudley-Smith wrote the Quiller spy novel series, beginning with The Berlin Memorandum ( US: The Quiller Memorandum, 1965 ), a hybrid of glamour and dirt, Fleming and Le Carré.

Germaine Tailleferre of the French group Les Six wrote several works which could be considered to be inspired by Surrealism, including the 1948 Ballet Paris-Magie ( scenario by Lise Deharme ), the Operas La Petite Sirène ( book by Philippe Soupault ) and Le Maître ( book by Eugène Ionesco ).

In December 1997, Ignacio Ramonet wrote in Le Monde diplomatique an editorial in which he advocated the establishment of the Tobin tax and the creation of an organisation to pressure governments around the world to introduce the tax.

Chirac wrote he considered firing Sarkozy before, and conceded responsibility in allowing Jean Marie Le Pen to advance in 2002.

In his 1840 novel Le Notaire, he wrote that a young person in the legal profession sees " the oily wheels of every fortune, the hideous wrangling of heirs over corpses not yet cold, the human heart grappling with the Penal Code.