Left-libertarianism ( sometimes synonymous with left-wing libertarianism and libertarian socialism ) is a term that has been used to describe several different libertarian political movements and theorists.

* Left-libertarianism, a political philosophy emphasizing personal liberty and free market economics but with a left-wing influence

Left-libertarianism names several related but distinct approaches to politics, society, culture, and political and social theory, which stress equally both individual freedom and social justice.

The truth in their conflicting concepts was expounded by statesmen of the calibre of Webster and Calhoun, and defended in the end by leaders of the nobility of Lincoln and Lee.

The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.

In describing it to Professor Baker after it had been chosen for production, he defended his great array of characters by declaring that he had included that many not because `` I didn't know how to save paint '', but because the play required them.

On Big Stone Lake near the headwaters of the Red River, Robert Dickson, Superintendent of the Western Indian Department of Canada, had a trading post and planned in 1818 to build a fort to be defended by twenty men and two small artillery pieces.

Before he could pass the river with safety, however, it was necessary to subdue certain fortresses, one of which was for several days vigorously defended by the governor, Yussuf el-Harezmi, a Khwarezmian.

In this scheme, people would be represented in government by a party or organization that defended the interests of their particular occupation or industry, not a particular ideology.

During his tenure he publicly defended the Dominicans against attacks by the secular and regular faculty of the University of Paris, commented on St John, and answered what he perceived as errors of the Arabian philosopher Averroes.

Alfred successfully defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, and by his death had become the dominant ruler in England.

When the Vikings returned in force in 892 they found a kingdom defended by a standing, mobile field army and a network of garrisoned fortresses that commanded its navigable rivers and Roman roads.

During the Cold War, the ACLU headquarters was dominated by anti-communists, but many local affiliates defended members of the Communist Party.

In 458 BC, the Athenians blockaded the island of Aegina, and simultaneously defended Megara from the Corinthians by sending out an army composed of those too young or old for regular military service.

Madrid, Aug. 28. Letters from Lisbon bring the following Account from Rio Janeiro: That the St. Augustine, of 70 Guns, having being separated from the Squadron of M. Casa Tilly, was attacked by two Portugueze Ships, against which they defended themselves for a Day and a Night, but being next Day surrounded by the Portugueze Fleet, was obliged to surrender.

Sulla captured it in 89 BC by setting on fire the wooden breastwork by which it was defended, and new fortifications were erected.

Tolkien's conviction that the poem dates to the 8th century is defended by Tom Shippey ( 2007 ).

A suggestion made by John Mitchell Kemble ( 1849 ) and defended by Jäching ( 1976 ) puts a terminus post quem of the early 9th century on the Finnesburg episode at least.

During this time, Montgomery faced serious trouble from his military superiors and the clergy for his frank attitude regarding the sexual health of his soldiers, but was defended from dismissal by his superior Alan Brooke, commander of II Corps.

John Ferguson's English brigade supported Rowe's left, and moved in perfect order towards the barricades between the village and the river, defended by Hautefeuille's dragoons.

The merchants with whom they were travelling, defended themselves vigorously and for a time successfully, but eventually they were conquered and overcome by the pirates, who took from them their ships and all that they possessed, whilst they themselves barely escaped on.

There is little doubt that the hilly, heavily wooded Ardennes could have been relatively easily defended by the Allies, even against the bulk of the German armoured units.

Low ridges to the northwest of town were defended initially by a Union cavalry division under Brig.

Piotr Dunin decided not to wait for the enemy and attacked first, setting infantry with crossbows at left, defended by cavalry between the tabor and the coast of the nearby lake of Rogoźnica.

Hume's anti-rationalism has been very influential, and defended in contemporary philosophy of action by neo-Humeans such as Michael Smith and Simon Blackburn.

Although there is little clear contemporary account of him, virtually all Roman historians agree that Postumus was considered a rude and brutish sort ; Tacitus defended him, but his praise was slight: was the young, physically tough, indeed brutish, Agrippa Postumus.

A contemporary sketch of Lincoln Castle in England at the start of the 13th century, defended by a crossbow man

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film " one of the most perceptive, funny, occasionally painful portraits of an American woman I've seen " and commented, " The movie has been both attacked and defended on feminist grounds, but I think it belongs somewhere outside ideology, maybe in the area of contemporary myth and romance.

The Post's Richard Harwood defended Woodward in a September 6, 1996 column, arguing that Woodward's method is that of a reporter – " talking to people you write about, checking and cross-checking their versions of contemporary history ," and collecting documentary evidence in notes, letters and records.

Additionally, contemporary accounts suggest that it was not Huxley, but Sir Joseph Hooker who most vocally defended Darwinism at the meeting.

In the heavyweight division, the color bar was adamantly defended by Old Chocolate Godfrey's contemporary, " The Boston Strong Boy ", John L. Sullivan.

The Rashba defended Rambam ( Maimonides ) during contemporary debates over his works, and he authorized the translation of Rambam's commentary on the Mishnah from Arabic to Hebrew.

Linois later claimed that the unescorted British merchant fleet was defended by eight ships of the line, a claim criticised by contemporary officers and later historians.

Notwithstanding his interest in ancient musical practices, in his theoretical writings on music ( e. g. " Della musica dell ' età nostra che non è punto inferiore, anzi è migliore di quella dell ' età passata ", Rome 1640, and " Note … sopra la musica antica e moderna, indirizzato al Sig. r Nicolò Farfaro ", 1640 / 41 ), he praises the modern music culture in contemporary Rome and defended the modern music against the criticism of Nicolò Farfaro, an Italian musician of his times.

The version of left-libertarianism defended by contemporary theorists like Vallentyne, Steiner, Otsuka, van Parijs, and Ellerman features a strong commitment to personal liberty — embracing the libertarian premise that each person possesses a natural right of self-ownership — and an egalitarian view of natural resources, holding that it is illegitimate for anyone to claim private ownership of resources to the detriment of others.

Such a strategy to take goals for granted could be defended on the grounds that one cannot deal with all aspects of so complex an issue and that the theorists possibly feel the question of how goals originate was not relevant to the models they developed.

Later General Baptists such as John Griffith, Samuel Loveday, and Thomas Grantham defended a Reformed Arminian theology that reflected more the Arminianism of Arminius than that of the later Remonstrants or the English Arminianism of Arminian Puritans like John Goodwin or Anglican Arminians such as Jeremy Taylor and Henry Hammond.

It became the focus of criticism from social conservatives, such as Michael Medved, while others, such as David Letterman, and the conservative magazine National Review, defended it as a cleverly subversive vehicle for social criticism and a particularly creative and intelligent comedy.

Furthermore, raising such a large army had denuded Athens of defenders, and thus any secondary attack in the Athenian rear would cut the army off from the city ; and any direct attack on the city could not be defended against.

Recently, Rand's position has also been defended by such writers as Tara Smith, Tibor Machan, Allan Gotthelf, David Kelley, Douglas Rasmussen, Nathaniel Branden, Harry Binswanger, Andrew Bernstein, and Craig Biddle.

The Chach Nama records many instances of conversion of stupas to mosques such as at Nerun In 7th century CE, Kumārila Bhaṭṭa formulated hi school of Mimamsa philosophy and defended the position on Vedic rituals against Buddhist attacks.

Friends such as Bram Stoker defended his " psychological " reading, based on the supposition that Macbeth had dreamed of killing Duncan before the start of the play.

Often the keep is the most defended area of a castle, and as such may form the main habitation area for a noble or lord, or contain important stores such as the armoury or the main well.

These eight attributes have been defended by many theologians and philosophers such as Richard Swinburn, William Craig and Donald Wacome Though as defended by those above, it's often questioned by others

Books such as Dr. Joseph Lichten's A Question of Judgment ( 1963 ), written in response to The Deputy, defended Pius XII's actions during the war.

In his theoretical works he defended monarchy, or at least a mixed monarchy / oligarchy and, in his own political life, he generally opposed men trying to realise such ideals, like Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Octavian.

His friend Erasmus defended More's character as " more pure than any snow " and described his genius as " such as England never had and never again will have.

" The claim that he was driven mad by a love potion, although defended by such scholars as Reale and Catan, is often dismissed as the result of historical confusion, or anti-Epicurean slander.

The idea of incentive conservation is a modern one but its practice has clearly defended some of the sub Arctic wildernesses and the wildlife in those regions for thousands of years, especially by indigenous peoples such as the Evenk, Yakut, Sami, Inuit and Cree.

Fleming accepted the criticism from the paper concerning the exclusivity of Bond's objects, such as cigarettes and food, but defended it on the basis that " I had to fit Bond out with some theatrical props ".

He was also known for his recurring roles, such as Beldar, father in the Coneheads family ; with Steve Martin, Georg Festrunk, one of the " Two Wild and Crazy Guys " Czech brothers ; sleazy late-night cable TV host E. Buzz Miller and his cousin, corrupt maker of children's toys and costumes Irwin Mainway ( who extolled the virtues and defended the safety of the " Bag-o-Glass " toy, perhaps the retail leader of the " Bag-o " series of toys ); Fred Garvin – male prostitute ; and high-bred but low-brow critic Leonard Pinth-Garnell.

This resulted in negative reaction from video game enthusiasts, such as writer Clive Barker, who defended video games as an art form, stating that they have the power to move people, that the views of book or film critics are less important than those of the consumers experiencing them, and that Ebert's were prejudiced.

In recent times ( 2006 ), the governments of several South American countries, such as Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela, have defended and championed the traditional use of coca, as well as the modern uses of the leaf and its extracts in household products such as teas, toothpaste and condoms.

Pius X defended the Catholic faith against popular 19th-century views such as indifferentism and relativism which his predecessors had warned against as well.