A letter of Leo IV shows that Alfred was made a " consul "; a misinterpretation of this investiture, deliberate or accidental, could explain later confusion.

Pope John VIII: John, of English extraction, was born at Mentz ( Mainz ) and is said to have arrived at Popedom by evil art ; for disguising herself like a man, whereas she was a woman, she went when young with her paramour, a learned man, to Athens, and made such progress in learning under the professors there that, coming to Rome, she met with few that could equal, much less go beyond her, even in the knowledge of the scriptures ; and by her learned and ingenious readings and disputations, she acquired so great respect and authority that upon the death of Pope Leo IV ( as Martin says ) by common consent she was chosen Pope in his room.

The Frangipani, led by Leo Frangipani, pushed for the delay in order that they could promote their preferred candidate, Lamberto, but the people were eager to see Saxo de Anagni, the Cardinal-Priest of San Stefano in Celiomonte elected as the next pope.

As Pope Leo X ( 1513 – 21 ) indicates the manner in which the Papacy might have been reconciled with the Renaissance had the Reformation never taken place, so Ganganelli exemplifies the type of Pope which the modern world might have learned to accept if the movement towards free thought could, as Voltaire wished, have been confined to the aristocracy of intellect.

Its three main objectives, the peace of Christendom, the crusade ( against the Turks ), and the reform of the church, could be secured only by general agreement among the powers, and either Leo or the council, or both, failed to secure such agreement.

Having fallen ill with malaria, Pope Leo X died on 1 December 1521, so suddenly that the last sacraments could not be administered ; but the contemporary suspicions of poison were unfounded.

Cesare Falconi has examined in particular Leo's infatuation with the Venetian noble Marcantonio Flaminio, with Leo arranging the best education that could be offered for the time.

In 445, Leo disputed with Patriarch Dioscorus, St. Cyril's successor as Patriarch of Alexandria, insisting that the ecclesiastical practice of his see should follow that of Rome on the basis that Mark the Evangelist, the disciple of Saint Peter and founder of the Alexandrian Church, could have had no other tradition than that of the prince of the apostles.

The pleasure-loving sovereign could also leave military matters in the adept hands of his generals, in particular the brothers Leo and Nikephoros Phokas.

Through these letters, which Tarasis gave to Leo, the Emperor could dismiss Ardabur, who at the time was magister militum per Orientem and patricius, thus reducing Aspar's influence and ambition.

The long prevalent estimation of Priscillian as a heretic and Manichaean rested upon Augustine, Turibius of Astorga, Leo the Great and Orosius ( who quotes a fragment of a letter of Priscillian's ), although at the Council of Toledo in 400, fifteen years after Priscillian's death, when his case was reviewed, the most serious charge that could be brought was the error of language involved in a misrendering of the word innascibilis (" unbegettable ").

Naturally, Baldwin took offense at this but, before they could draw swords, Matilda settled the matter by refusing to marry anyone but William ; even a papal ban by Pope Leo IX at the Council of Reims on the grounds of consanguinity did not dissuade her.

As Aspar could not sit on the throne because of his barbaric origin, he opposed Anthemius whose prestige would have made him independent and chose a low-ranking military officer, Leo ; in the West, as his barbaric origin barred Ricimer from the throne, it was Majorian who received the purple.

Aspar, who in this occasion was probably offered the throne by the Senate but refused, could have chosen his own son Ardabur, but instead selected an obscure tribune of one of his military units, Leo I.

* copy of Laocoon, at the time in the Cortile del Belvedere, commissioned by Pope Leo X as a gift to François I. Bandinelli boasted that he would exceed the original, and when he was finished, after a hiatus during the pontificate of Adrian VI, the Medici Pope Clement VII could not bear to part with it, sent some antiquities to the King of France in its stead, and sent Baccio's Laocoon to Florence.

In 1893, with Leo Jogiches and Julian Marchlewski ( alias Julius Karski ), Luxemburg founded the newspaper Sprawa Robotnicza (" The Workers ' Cause "), to oppose the nationalist policies of the Polish Socialist Party, believing that only through socialist revolution in Germany, Austria, and Russia could an independent Poland exist.

She had been Sylvester's friend, but she could do no more potions until she gave Leo a potion that changed his color from snow-white to lavender, knocking him into a coma.

Secretary of State James Byrnes, who a year earlier had told physicist Leo Szilard that a public demonstration of the bomb might make Russia " more manageable " in Europe, now argued the opposite: that further display of U. S. nuclear power could harden Russia's position against acceptance of the Acheson – Lilienthal Plan.

Failing to find actors that could convey the emotions they saw in the play, Goldwyn and Wyler had six of the original Kids ( Halop, Jordan, Hall, Punsly, Dell, and Leo Gorcey ) brought from New York to Hollywood for the film.

Thus Leo used the occasion of the Nativity feast to establish boundaries for what could be considered a heresy.

) Caray was also seen as influential enough that he could affect team personnel moves ; Cardinals historian Peter Golenbock ( in The Spirit of St. Louis: A History of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns ) has suggested Caray may have had a partial hand in the maneuvering that led to the exit of general manager Bing Devine, the man who had assembled the team that won the 1964 World Series, and of field manager Johnny Keane, whose rumored successor, Leo Durocher ( the succession didn't pan out ), was believed to have been supported by Caray for the job.

It is likely that Leo Africanus was welcomed to the papal court as the Pope feared that Turkish forces might invade Sicily and southern Italy, and a willing collaborator could provide useful information on North Africa.

It was around this time that a local band leader approached Leo, asking him if he could build a public address system for use by the band at dances in Hollywood.

After his friend and council ally, Nick Lalich approached Federal MP Ted Grace for Ngo to join the ALP, Grace arranged a meeting with Senator Graham Richardson and Leo McLeay, Federal MP for Watson and Speaker of the House of Representatives, who decided that if promoted to be a member of Legislative Council ( MLC ), Ngo could be a potential " counter " to the Liberal party's Asian MLC Helen Sham-Ho.

During a trade mission to South Korea in August, Deukmejian sent a letter saying he could not be considered for nomination, refusing to leave the governorship to Democratic Lieutenant Governor Leo T. McCarthy.

In 1899, Bede was made a Doctor of the Church by Leo XIII, a position of theological significance ; he is the only native of Great Britain to achieve this designation ( Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy ).

He received some votes in the 1605 conclaves which elected Pope Leo XI, Pope Paul V, and in 1621 when Pope Gregory XV was elected, but only in the second conclave of 1605 was he papabile.

Leo, who was of non-noble birth, had risen in the hierarchy of Rome and was elected Pope only one day after the burial of his predecessor, Pope Adrian I, who had worked for good relations between Rome and the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne.

Leo aroused the hostility of Rome's nobility, who saw the papal post as reserved only for noble candidates.

He was one of only two men known to have served as Camerlengo immediately prior to being elected as pope ( the other being Pope Leo XIII ).

Noting improvements in archaeology, the encyclical reversed Pope Leo XIII's encyclical, which had only advocated going back to the original texts to resolve ambiguity in the Latin Vulgate.

Because Sergius III had reputedly ordered the murder of his two immediate predecessors, Leo V and Christopher and was the only pope to have allegedly fathered an illegitimate son who later became pope ( John XI ), his pontificate has been described as " dismal and disgraceful ".

He had his fleet concentrate on Rhodes with orders not only to resist the approach of the enemy, but to destroy their naval stores, and dispatched an army under Leo the Isaurian, afterwards emperor, to invade Syria.

As pope, Leo VII reigned for only three years.

Most of Stein's important works utilize this technique, including the novel The Makings of Americans ( 1906 – 08 ) Not only were they the first important patrons of Cubism, Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo were also important influences on Cubism as well.

The king of Spain wrote to his ambassador at Rome " that His Holiness had hitherto played a double game and that all his zeal to drive the French from Italy had been only a mask "; this reproach seemed to receive some confirmation when Leo held a secret conference with Francis at Bologna in December 1515.

The sacred college had allegedly grown especially worldly and troublesome since the time of Sixtus IV, and Leo took advantage of a plot of several of its members to poison him, not only to inflict exemplary punishments by executing one ( Alfonso Petrucci ) and imprisoning several others, but also to make a radical change in the college.

The only thing known concerning him following the Council of Chalcedon is the letter of Leo charging him to guard the Chalcedonian victory ( PG, lxxxiii.

In 1821 Pope Pius VII honoured Lingard with a triple doctorate-in theology, canon law and civil law-and a few years later Leo XII conferred upon him a gold medal generally only given to cardinals and princes.

Paul the Deacon, in the late 8th century, relates that an enormously huge man dressed in priestly robes and armed with a naked sword, visible only to Attila, threatened him and his army with death during his discourse with Leo, and this prompted Attila to submit to his request.

Dramatised by Leo Lehman and starring Maxine Audley as Susan Calvin, this is the only episode of the series known to have survived.

Leo IX assured the Patriarch that the donation was completely genuine, not a fable, so only the apostolic successor to Peter possessed that primacy and was the rightful head of all the Church.

Constantine VI was the only son of Leo IV and succeeded him as emperor, ruling jointly with his mother, Irene.

By her marriage to Emperor Leo IV the Khazar, Irene had only one son Constantine VI, whom she succeeded on the throne.

Many scholars have thought, following the ideas of the 19th century German scholar Leo, that Seneca's tragedies were written for recitation only.

The next year their son was born, and Zeno became father of the heir apparent to the throne, as the only son of Leo I's had died in his infancy ; to stress his claim to the throne, the boy was called Leo.

However, as for the clergy and people of Constantinople an Arian was not eligible to become an emperor, at the news of the appointment riots broke out in the city hippodrome, led by the head of the Sleepless Monks, Marcellus: Aspar and Leo had to promise to the bishops that Patricius would convert to Orthodoxy before becoming emperor, and only after the conversion he would have married Leontia.

Coenwulf asserted in his letter that Offa wanted the new archdiocese created out of enmity for Jaenberht, the Archbishop of Canterbury at the time of the division ; but Leo responded that the only reason the papacy agreed to the creation was because of the size of the kingdom of Mercia.