* Leveraging the size of the US export market and US influence over financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

Leveraging the popularity of golf to promote their cars, Nash Motors and Nash dealers sponsored what the automaker described as " more than 20 major golf tournaments across the country " in 1953, and golfer Sam Snead was shown with his Nash-Healey roadster on the cover of the June 1953 issue of Nash News.

Leveraging his ability to design custom integrated circuits, Barr's company was able to introduce products with feature sets that, up to that time, had been extremely expensive.

Its theme was Leveraging the Digital Advantage.

Leveraging the geodesic dome's stability, the US Marines experimented with helicopter-deliverable units.

Leveraging has been defined by Weeks, Cornwell and Drennan ( 2008 ) as " the act of using collateral marketing communications to exploit the commercial potential of the association between a sponsor and sponsee " while activation has been defined as those " communications that promote the engagement, involvement, or participation of the sponsorship audience with the sponsor.

* " Mobile Social Applications Leveraging Location-aware Technologies: Behind the Hype with Market Leaders ", Fierce Wireless, April 2010

* Leveraging Teamcenter UA with Site Consolidation

Since the Supreme Court's decision of that year this is more doubtful ; ;

The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.

" Caplan comments on the impact of the Supreme Court's decision making it necessary for there to be evidence of guilt in such a plea, " By requiring that there be some evidence of guilt in such a situation, the decision attempts to protect the ' really ' innocent from the temptations to which plea-bargaining and defense attorneys may subject them.

The Italian courts continue to follow this precedent and assume that the Supreme Court's rulings have precedential value.

The U. S. Supreme Court upheld the 8th Circuit Court's decision by declining to hear the case in June 2008.

" In Simpson v. Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the Supreme Court's holding in the Marsh case meant that the " Chesterfield County could constitutionally exclude Cynthia Simpson, a Wiccan priestess, from leading its legislative prayers, because her faith was not ' in the Judeo-Christian tradition.

In considering the voluntariness standard one must consider the Supreme Court's decision in Colorado v. Connelly.

Nonetheless, the Court stopped short of compelling Madison ( by writ of mandamus ) to hand over Marbury's commission, instead holding that the provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that enabled Marbury to bring his claim to the Supreme Court was itself unconstitutional, since it purported to extend the Court's original jurisdiction beyond that which Article III established.

In addition, it replaced the Court's two annual sessions with one session to begin on the first Monday in February, and " canceled the Supreme Court term scheduled for June of that year ... seeking to delay a ruling on the constitutionality of the repeal act until months after the new judicial system was in operation.

Between the ratification of the Constitution in 1788 and the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury in 1803, judicial review was used a number of times in both state and federal courts.

The first is an exercise of the Court's original jurisdiction ; the second and third are exercises of the Supreme Court's appellate jurisdiction.

Marshall then looked to Article III of the Constitution, which defines the Supreme Court's original and appellate jurisdictions ( see Relevant Law above ).

Marshall disagreed and held that Congress does not have the power to modify the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction.

These scholars argue that there is little connection between the notion of original jurisdiction and the Supreme Court, and note that the Act seems to affirm the Court's power to exercise only appellate jurisdiction.

* The 200th Anniversary of Marbury v. Madison: The Supreme Court's First Great Case

* The Southern Manifesto ( 1956 ), opposing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education

Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee.

In 1992, Rutgers professor Earl Maltz criticized the Supreme Court's decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey for endorsing the idea that if one side can take control of the Court on an issue of major national importance ( as in Roe v. Wade ), that side can protect its position from being reversed " by a kind of super-stare decisis.

The Miller test ( also called the Three Prong Obscenity Test ), is the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case it is not protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and can be prohibited.

In Chisholm v. Georgia,, the Supreme Court held that states were not immune from lawsuits by individuals due to the Supreme Court's Article III jurisdiction over them.

In City of Boerne v. Flores,, the Court struck down the provisions of the Act that forced state and local governments to provide protections exceeding those required by the First Amendment on the grounds that while the Congress could enforce the Supreme Court's interpretation of a constitutional right, the Congress could not impose its own interpretation on states and localities.

The Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan.

He introduced the secret ballot ; advised the creation of the Supreme Court of Canada ; the establishment of the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston in 1874 ; the creation of the Office of the Auditor General in 1878 ; and struggled to continue progress on the national railway.

On 1 December 1988, the Supreme Soviet amended the Soviet constitution to allow for the establishment of a Congress of People's Deputies as the Soviet Union's new supreme legislative body.

One of her first moves as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor.

Senior and supreme commanders were trained at the Higher Military Academic Courses, renamed the Advanced Courses for Supreme Command in 1925 ; the 1931 establishment of an Operations Faculty at the Frunze Military Academy supplemented these courses.

For example, in the United Kingdom, the executive forms a subset of the legislature, as did — to a lesser extent — the judiciary until the establishment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

After crippling the US economy and becoming a nuclear power, Japan invades and takes the Marianas Islands ; the US and Japan fight a brief war, which the Japanese lose ( they are subsequently denuclearized ); an embittered Japanese pilot and proponent of the war crashes a 747 into the US Capitol Building immediately after Ryan's confirmation as Vice President, killing most of the House and Senate, the President, all nine Supreme Court justices, the senior military establishment ( including the JCS ), and most of the Cabinet.

Attempts were made to reintroduce legal bans, but the Supreme Court ruled that bans on teaching evolutionary biology are unconstitutional as they violate the establishment clause of the US constitution, which forbids the government from advancing a particular religion.

Furthermore, constitutional issues, such as the establishment of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, may be done without a referendum.

Since the late 20th century and the rise of Indian activism over sovereignty issues, as well as many tribes ' establishment of casino gambling on reservations as a revenue source, the US Supreme Court has been asked repeatedly to address the IRA's constitutionality.

According to the Allied Supreme Commander Douglas MacArthur, the provision was suggested by Prime Minister Kijūrō Shidehara, who " wanted it to prohibit any military establishment for Japan — any military establishment whatsoever.

One agreement that was unilaterally terminated by President Jimmy Carter upon the establishment of relations with the PRC was the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty ; that termination was the subject of the Supreme Court case Goldwater v. Carter.

Two railroad lines intersect on the northwest side of town ; the question of whether the state of Minnesota could order installation of an interchange track between the two independent railroads led to a 1900 U. S. Supreme Court decision which affirmed that the state could indeed order the establishment of the " Hanley Falls Wye " for the public convenience, despite the railroads ' opposition.

In Everson v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled for the first time that state and local government were subject to the establishment clause but that it had not been violated in this instance.

On June 19, 2000, the Supreme Court ruled that the Santa Fe Independent School District's policy of permitting " student-led, student-initiated " prayer at football games and other school events violated the Constitution's prohibitions against the establishment of state religion.

It formerly acted as the Supreme Administrative Court prior to the establishment of the Administrative Courts in 1999.

In April 1919, authorities discovered a plot for mailing 36 bombs to prominent members of the U. S. political and economic establishment: J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, U. S. Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer, and immigration officials.

The republic's Supreme Soviet had little choice other than to declare Turkmenistan's independence from the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Republic of Turkmenistan on October 27, 1991.

This process was paralleled in other areas over this period, including the establishment of Canada's own Supreme Court as the court of last resort, the so-called Patriation of the Constitution, and Canadian citizenship ( Canadians had been British subjects, and no citizenship per se existed until 1947 ).

Although Burger had conservative leanings and was considered a strict constructionist, the U. S. Supreme Court delivered a variety of transformative decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation during his tenure.

The Supreme Grand Lodge meets annually, often in Lachute, Quebec, Canada ( however, in August 2009 the Supreme Board met in Toulouse, France, in honor of the 100th Anniversary of H. Spencer Lewis's initiation there ), and is responsible for the worldwide coordination of AMORC, the establishment of new administrations, and the appointment of jurisdictions to Grand Lodges, usually based on language.

Before the establishment of the High Court, appeals from the state Supreme Courts could be made only to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which involved the great expense of physically travelling to London.

However, a local city ordinance prohibiting the establishment of motels, lodging houses and other similar establishments, was later declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.