Such a description language can be based on any computer programming language, such as Lisp, Pascal, or Java Virtual Machine bytecode.

; Armed Bear Common Lisp: A CL implementation that runs on the Java Virtual Machine.

Lisp Machines ( from Symbolics, TI and Xerox ) provided implementations of Common Lisp in addition to their native Lisp dialect ( Lisp Machine Lisp or InterLisp ).

The operating systems were written in Lisp Machine Lisp, InterLisp ( Xerox ) and later partly in Common Lisp.

* Lisp Machine Manual, Chinual

** " The Lisp Machine manual, 4th Edition, July 1981 "

** " The Lisp Machine manual, 6th Edition, HTML / XSL version "

** " The Lisp Machine manual "

* Jaap Weel's Lisp Machine Webpage – ( A collection of links and locally stored documents appertaining to all manner of Lisp machines )

* Ralf Möller's Symbolics Lisp Machine Museum

* Rainer Joswig's web page with Lisp Machine videos and screen shots

fr: Machine Lisp

The Lisp Machine was the first commercially available " workstation " ( although that word had not yet been coined ).

The operating system and software development environment, over 500, 000 lines, was written in Lisp from the microcode up, based on MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp.

The Lisp Machine system software was then copyrighted by MIT, and was licensed to Symbolics.

Richard Stallman's account claims Symbolics engaged in a business tactic in which it forced MIT to make all fixes and improvements to the Lisp Machine OS available only to it, and thereby choke off its competitor LMI, which at that time had insufficient resources to independently maintain or develop the OS and environment.

Schelter is credited with the development of the GNU Common Lisp ( gcl ) implementation of Common Lisp and the GPL'd version of the computer algebra system Macsyma called GNU Maxima.

Common Lisp ( CL ) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 ( R2004 ), ( formerly X3. 226-1994 ( R1999 )).

Common Lisp was developed to standardize the divergent variants of Lisp ( though mainly the MacLisp variants ) which predated it, thus it is not an implementation but rather a language specification.

Common Lisp is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language.

It is extensible through standard features such as Lisp macros ( compile-time code rearrangement accomplished by the program itself ) and reader macros ( extension of syntax to give special meaning to characters reserved for users for this purpose ).

Though Common Lisp is not as popular as some non-Lisp languages, many of its features have made their way into other, more widely used programming languages and systems ( see Greenspun's Tenth Rule ).

Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp ; it uses S-expressions to denote both code and data structure.

Common Lisp is most frequently compared with, and contrasted to, Scheme — if only because they are the two most popular Lisp dialects.

Common Lisp is a general-purpose programming language, in contrast to Lisp variants such as Emacs Lisp and AutoLISP which are embedded extension languages in particular products.

Common Lisp is sometimes termed a Lisp-2 and Scheme a Lisp-1, referring to CL's use of separate namespaces for functions and variables.

These conventions allow some operators in both languages to serve both as predicates ( answering a boolean-valued question ) and as returning a useful value for further computation, but in Scheme the value '() which is equivalent to NIL in Common Lisp evaluates to true in a boolean expression.

Common Lisp is defined by a specification ( like Ada and C ) rather than by one implementation ( like Perl before version 6 ).

The misconception that Lisp is a purely interpreted language is most likely because Lisp environments provide an interactive prompt and that code is compiled one-by-one, in an incremental way.

Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors ( which this article will refer to collectively as " Emacs ").

Some people refer to Emacs Lisp as Elisp, at the risk of confusion with an older unrelated Lisp dialect with the same name.

In terms of features, it is closely related to the Maclisp dialect, with some later influence from Common Lisp.

Unlike Common Lisp, Scheme existed at the time Stallman was rewriting Gosling Emacs into GNU Emacs, but he chose not to use it because of its comparatively poor performance on workstations, and he wanted to develop a dialect which he thought would be more easily optimized.

The Lisp dialect used in Emacs differs substantially from the more modern Common Lisp and Scheme dialects commonly used for applications programming.

Also in the 1970s, the development of Scheme ( a partly functional dialect of Lisp ), as described in the influential Lambda Papers and the 1985 textbook Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, brought awareness of the power of functional programming to the wider programming-languages community.

It is an adaptation and dialect of the Lisp language ; some have called it Lisp without the parentheses.

For instance, in a Lisp dialect that has < CODE > cond </ CODE > but lacks < CODE > if </ CODE >, it is possible to define the latter in terms of the former using macros.

* Scheme ( programming language ), a minimalist, multi-paradigm dialect of Lisp

Unlike Common Lisp, the other main dialect, Scheme follows a minimalist design philosophy specifying a small standard core with powerful tools for language extension.

Scheme was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization.

The key insights on how to introduce lexical scoping into a Lisp dialect were popularized in Sussman and Steele's 1975 Lambda Paper, " Scheme: An Interpreter for Extended Lambda Calculus ",