While Niccolò Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy is the period's key work on republics, he also wrote The Prince on how best to run a monarchy.

For example, Livy, a Roman historian who lived in the 1st century BC, wrote a history of Rome called Ab Urbe Condita ( From the Founding of the City ) in 144 volumes ; only 35 volumes still exist, although short summaries of most of the rest do exist.

* Livy ( Titus Livius ), of Patavium, who came to Rome in the 1st century BC and wrote a magnum opus, Ab Urbe Condita ( book )

Although Livy does not cite his source by name, it is likely to have been Quintus Fabius Pictor, a Roman historian who fought in and wrote on the Second Punic War.

His idea of history was more severe and less rhetorical than that of Sallust and Livy, whom he blamed for putting elaborate speeches into the mouths of the characters of whom they wrote.

Both Livy and Polybius wrote that Maharbal promised safe passage (" with a garment apiece ") if they surrendered their weapons and armour, but Hannibal had them sold into slavery irrespective of the promise made.

Acilius wrote a history of Rome, in Greek, that went from the earliest times to at least 184 BC ( according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus ), and it appeared around 142 BC ( mentioned in Livy ).

" The effect on the Roman Senate was shattering ", wrote Livy.

He wrote after the manner of the Latin authors, trying to imitate Livy, putting together long and sonorous periods in a style that aimed at being like Boccaccio's, caring little about what constitutes the critical material of history, only intent on declaiming his academic prose for his country's benefit.

Lampert was superbly educated for his day and wrote in a fine, classicizing Latin peppered with references and allusions to Roman authors, particularly Livy, Sallust, and the playwright Terence.

Livy wrote in a mixture of annual chronology and narrative — often having to interrupt a story to announce the elections of new consuls.

He also wrote works on Tacitus ( 1519 ), Livy ( 1522 ), and a nine-volume work on his friend Erasmus ( 1540-1541 ).

Though the actual casualty figure remains debated, Livy claims that the total number of Roman casualties ( not including camp followers or other non-combatants ) amounted to 80, 000.

Livy even explains that he will record the archaic ritual of devotio at length because " the memory of every human and religious custom has withered from a preference for everything novel and foreign.

The American founders rarely cited Rousseau, but came independently to their Republicanism and enthusiastic admiration for the austere virtues described by Livy and in Plutarch's portrayals of the great men of ancient Sparta and the classical republicanism of early Rome, as did many, if not most other enlightenment figures.

His historical sources include easily identifiable passages from Livy, Suetonius, Plutarch and other classical historians, as well as from medieval chroniclers such as Geoffrey of Villehardouin and Jean Froissart.

During the height of the Roman Empire, famous historians such as Polybius, Livy and Plutarch documented the rise of the Roman Republic, and the organization and histories of other nations, while statesmen like Julius Caesar, Cicero and others provided us with examples of the politics of the republic and Rome's empire and wars.

Livy gives due attention to the plundered wealth of statuary, gold and silver, but particular weight to the specialist chefs, flute girls, one-legged tables and other " dinner-party amusements " brought to Rome from exotic Galatia for the ( putative ) triumph of Gnaeus Manlius Vulso in 187 BCE.

Livy mentions that, among other tasks, these executive officers were told to lead troops against perceived threats ( domestic or foreign ), investigate possible subversion, raise troops, conduct special sacrifices, distribute windfall money, appoint commissioners and even exterminate locusts.

Livy mentions that other sources claim 32, 000 Macedonians were killed and even one writer who due to " boundless exaggeration " claims 40, 000 but concludes that Polybius is the trustworthy source on this matter.

In addition the Fasti Triumphales records two Roman triumphs dating to this war and some of the events described by Livy are also mentioned by other ancient writers.

He draws on his own experience as a general in Germany under Domitian, but similarities between the anecdotes he records and versions of other Roman authors like Valerius Maximus and Livy suggest that he drew mainly on literary sources.

Livy, on the other hand, says the name came from the remnants of the Clusian army who settled in the area following the War between Clusium and Aricia in 508 BC.

According to Livy, they sent an embassy to Greece to study the legislative system of Athens, known as the Solonian Constitution, but also to find out about the legislation of other Greek cities.

His interpretation of certain passages in Livy and other classical authors involved him in a dispute with Gronovius, which bore a strong resemblance to that between John Milton and Claudius Salmasius, Gronovius addressing Fabretti as Faber Rusticus, and the latter, in reply, speaking of Gronovius and his " titivilitia ".

Livy, on the other hand, although repeating Polybius ' numbers, states that after the battle Scipio quietly marched his army into Placentia ( Piacenza ) and went on to Cremona so that there would not be two armies wintering in Placentia ( Piacenza ).

And being on that blessed pilgrimage in the sacred city of Rome and seeing its great and ancient monuments and reading the great deeds of the Romans as described by Virgil, Sallust, Lucan, Livy, Valerius, Orosius, and other masters of history ...

Livy refers to two other Roman commanders Silanus and Lucius Cornelius Scipio ( younger brother of Scipio ) defeating insurgents in Hispania.

Howard says :" The argument that Livy made free use of Antias and mentioned him only in case of disagreement is absolutely without foundation, for we have seen fourteen specific instances in which, although Livy does not mention him, he nevertheless disagrees with his statements as known to us from other sources, or absolutely disregards them ...."

Many other dates and chronologies existed, notably those of Livy, with which the emperor must have been familiar, but he did not forbid their use in unofficial contexts.

Livy also records that before the temple's construction shrines to other gods occupied the site.

20, 35 ), Festus ( l. c .), and Pseudo-Asconius ; but in all his other books Livy observes a distinction which has been pointed out by Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl ( Parerga zu Plautus, & c. p. 290 ), that ludi magni is the term applied to extraordinary games originating in a vow ( ludi votivi ), while ludi Romani is that applied to the games when they were regularly established as annual ( ludi stati ).

Yet Livy and the other authors who identify the ludi magni and Romani are not altogether in error: for the arrangement of the two kinds of games was similar.

Livy records two more Roman victories against the Samnites in 343, a victory by the other consul, Cornelius Cossus, at the Battle of Saticula, and a second victory by Valerius Corvus at the Battle of Suessula.

He published while at Oxford an epitome of Niebuhr's History of Rome, an annotated edition of Livy and other works, but his studies mainly lay in the direction of political economy, law, chiefly international law, and international politics.

The choice whether a collegium of Consular Tribunes or consuls were to be elected for a given year was made by senatus consultum, thereby ( according to Livy ) accounting for the periods of either office interspersed with the other.

Niccolò Machiavelli, building on this opposition, conflates all rule by a single person ( whom he generally refers to as a " prince ") with " tyranny ," regardless of the legitimacy of that rule, in his Discourses on Livy.

According to Livy, Romulus spoke to them each in person, " and pointed out to them that it was all owing to the pride of their parents in denying the right of intermarriage to their neighbours.

The first mention of Illiberis occurs in the history of Livy ( xxi. 24 ): it was the Iberian city at which Hannibal pitched camp having crossed the Pyrenees in 218 BCE, where he negotiated with the assembled Gaulish chiefs his safe passage through their territories on the way to Italy.

According to Livy, the three tribes were in fact squadrons of knights, rather than ethnic divisions.

Plutarch ( citing Valerius Antias ) and Livy records that at his request he was buried along with these " sacred books ", preferring that the rules and rituals they prescribed be preserved in the living memory of the state priests, rather than preserved as relics subject to forgetfulness and disuse.