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Lothair himself fell ill ; events had turned completely in Louis favour once again.
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Lothair and himself
The German princes refused to give the crown to his nephew, the duke of Swabia, for fear he would try to regain the imperial power held by Henry V. Instead, they chose Lothair III ( 1125 – 1137 ), who found himself embroiled in a long-running dispute with the Hohenstaufens, and who married into the Welfs.
Charles allied himself with his brother Louis the German to resist the pretensions of the new emperor Lothair I, and the two allies defeated Lothair at the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye on 25 June 841.
From 977 to 986, Hugh Capet allied himself with the German emperors Otto II and Otto III and with Archbishop Adalberon of Reims to dominate the Carolingian king, Lothair.
However on the death of Lothair II, who had no heir, king Charles the Bald tried to gain control of his kingdom by having himself sacred at Metz.
On his return, however, he fell from favor at Pavia and attached himself to Berengar's rival, the emperor Otto I who became King of Italy upon the death of Lothair in 950.
While Pepin and his contingent continued to push back Charles men, Lothair was slowly pushed back himself by Louis the German and the Provençals.
Rudolph intended to make himself king over the whole of Lothair II's kingdom, but he had to content himself with a rump state.
The division of Lothair's dominions, by which he obtained no territory outside Italy, aroused his discontent, and in 857 he allied himself with Louis the German against his own brother Lothair, King of Lotharingia, and King Charles the Bald.
Lothair could not afford an open war with Hugh Capet, as he would find himself caught between two fronts.
Lothair himself started the reconstruction in his later years and the Reichsburg Kyffhausen was completed under Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
Her marriage was an attempt by Louis to advance his children while he himself was being marginalised and by Berengar to legitimise his rule by relating himself by marriage to the house of Lothair I which had ruled Italy by hereditary right since 817.
In this respect the successor of the Emperors Lothair I and Lothair II of Italy, he himself in 881 was crowned Emperor – as Charles III – by Pope John VIII, the former opponent of his father.
Lothair and fell
Over the next two years, he failed to achieve anything in Italy, however, and returned to Germany in 1130, after Nuremberg and Speyer, two strong cities in his support, fell to Lothair in 1129.
Lothair and ill
In 868, at Metz they agreed definitely to a partition of Lotharingia ; but when Lothair II died in 869, Louis the German was lying seriously ill, and his armies were engaged with the Moravians.
In 985, when the caliph of Córdoba, Al-Mansur, sacked Barcelona, Lothair was ill and could offer no assistance to the Count Borrel II upon receiving his envoys at Verdun.
Lothair and ;
Her first marriage, at the age of fifteen, was to the son of her father's rival in Italy, Lothair II, the nominal King of Italy ; the union was part of a political settlement designed to conclude a peace between her father and Hugh of Provence, the father of Lothair.
Coins exist which bear both the image of Benedict III and of Emperor Lothair, who died 28 September, 855 ; therefore Benedict must have been recognized as pope before the last-mentioned date.
Gregory was prevented from returning to the emperor, while Louis was deserted by his supporters and was forced to surrender unconditionally ; Louis was deposed and humiliated at the Campus Mendacii, and Lothair was proclaimed emperor.
* 843: The three sons of Louis the Pious reach an agreement known as the Treaty of Verdun and split the Carolingian empire into three divisions ; East Francia was given to Louis the German, West Francia to Charles the Bald and Middle Francia to Lothair I.
< div style =" background: # ccddcc ; text-align: center ; border: 1px solid # 667766 " class =" NavHead "> Ancestors of Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
In the Alemannic language once spoken in Lorraine, the-ingen suffix signified a property ; thus, in a figurative sense, " Lotharingen " can be translated as " Land belonging to Lothair ".
Chlothar II ( or Chlotar, Clothar, Clotaire, Chlotochar, or Hlothar, giving rise to Lothair ; 584 – 629 ), called the Great ( le Grand ) or the Young ( le Jeune ), King of Neustria, and, from 613 to 629, King of all the Franks, was not yet born when his father, King Chilperic I died in 584.
Chlothar III ( or Chlotar, Clothar, Clotaire, Chlotochar, or Hlothar, giving rise to Lothair ; 652 – 73 ) was the eldest son of Clovis II, king of Neustria and Burgundy, and his queen Balthild.
Lothair ( Latin: Lotharius ; German: Lothar ; French: Lothaire ) is a Germanic given name, derived from the older form Clotaire ( Chlotharius ).
Lothair's kingdom was divided between his three sons — the eldest, Louis II, received Italy and the title of emperor ; the second, Lothair II, received Lotharingia ; the youngest, Charles, received Provence.
During Lothair's time, Adalberon had tried to negotiate an alliance between the two houses ; but the deal had gone bad, and Lothair had tried him for treason in 986.
It was divided into four duchies: Swabia ( Alamannia ), Franconia, Saxony and Bavaria ; to which after the death of Lothair II were added the eastern parts of Lotharingia.
Chlothar ( Latin Chlotharius ; French Clotaire ) is a Germanic given name, which evolved into the later form Lothair ( Lotharius ).
It is clear from the wording of the account of this event in Nithard that Nominoe was too powerful to be compelled to submit ; later in 841 he rebuffed the overtures of the new emperor, Lothair I, who claimed Neustria.
Nominoe, probably being paid by Lothair, did not in fact desist ; neither did Pepin.
This gave the young Lothair the opportunity to come to know his guardian's heir, the sixteen year old Hugh Capet, before his father's death in 956 ; Capet later became king and founder of the Capetian Dynasty.
In a letter of March or April 985, Gerbert of Aurillac wrote to the Archbishop Adalberon that " Lothair is king of France in name alone ; Hugh is, however, not in name but in effect and deed.
But abbeys continued to be bestowed upon laymen, especially in France and Lorraine, e. g. St. Evre near Toul, in the reign of Lothair I. Lothair II, however, restored it to ecclesiastical control in 858, but the same king gave Bonmoutier to a layman ; and the Abbeys of St. Germain and St. Martin, in the Diocese of Toul, were also given to secular abbots.
Lothair and events
The emperor then sent a delegation to see Gregory, headed by St. Anschar, the Archbishop of Hamburg and Bremen, to question the Pope on the events which led to Louis ’ s removal from the throne by Lothair.
Various other events — renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids — compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the Empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers, Charles, Louis, and Lothair.
Lothair and had
As the Welf duke Henry the Proud, son-in-law and heir of Lothair and the most powerful prince in Germany, who had been passed over in the election, refused to acknowledge the new king, Conrad III deprived him of all his territories, giving the Duchy of Saxony to Albert the Bear and that of Bavaria to Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria.
In 815, he had already given his two eldest sons a share in the government, when he had sent his elder sons Lothair and Pepin to govern Bavaria and Aquitaine respectively, though without the royal titles.
Then Lothair finally set out with a large Lombard army, but Louis had promised his sons Louis the German and Pepin of Aquitaine greater shares of the inheritance, prompting them to shift loyalties in favour of their father.
Soon Lothair, with the support of Pope Gregory IV, whom he had confirmed in office without his father's support, joined the revolt in 833.
This was a coup for Honorius, as such a confirmation had never occurred before, and around July 1126 Honorius invited Emperor Lothair to Rome to obtain the imperial title.
However, Gregory soon learned that he had been deceived by Lothair.
The Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I, however, disapproved of this abandonment of the Constitutio Romana of 824, which included a statute that no pope should be consecrated until his election had the approval of the Frankish emperor.
Lothair took advantage of this opportunity to redress many abuses in the papal administration, to vest the election of the pope in the nobles, and to confirm the statute that no pope should be consecrated until his election had the approval of the Frankish emperor.
In the settlement, Lothair ( who had been named co-emperor in 817 ) retained his title as emperor and:
By his wife, Richenza of Northeim, Lothair had only one surviving child, a daughter Gertrude, born April 18, 1115.
As Henry the Proud, son-in-law and heir of Lothair and the most powerful prince in Germany, who had been passed over in the election, refused to do the same, Conrad deprived him of all his territories, giving the Duchy of Saxony to Albert the Bear and that of Bavaria to Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria.
Lothair immediately made use of his new authority to side with Farfa Abbey in its lawsuit against the Roman Curia, forcing the Papal administration to return properties which had been misappropriated.
His involvement in the first civil war of his father's reign was limited, but in the second, his elder brothers, Lothair, then King of Italy, and Pepin, King of Aquitaine, induced him to invade Alamannia — which their father had given to their half-brother Charles — by promising to give him the land in the new partition they would make.
As Lothair II had died without heirs, his territory was divided by the 870 Treaty of Meerssen between East and West Francia and finally came under East Frankish rule as a whole by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont.
In 1135 in Merseburg, Bolesław had accepted overlordship of Holy Roman Emperor Lothair III over his Pomeranian gains as well as the Principality of Rügen.
Emperor Lothair III had Byzantine backing, including a large financial subsidy, for his invasion of Norman territory in 1136, which reached as far south as Bari.
Renaud prevailed, though he had to cede large parts of the eastern Transjuranian lands to Conrad, who thereupon was appointed by king Lothair III of Supplinburg a " rector " of the Imperial Kingdom of Arles or Burgundy.
King Lothair II had abandoned his lawful wife Teutberga to marry Waldrada.
In 1127 he was married to Gertrude, the only child of Lothair III, King of Germany, whose marriage and inheritance Henry's father had been promised as reward for his changing to support Lothair in the royal election of 1125.
The logic of the division was that Lothair had the allegiance of Italy, which had been his sub-kingdom under Louis the Pious, and that, as emperor, he should rule in Aachen, the capital of the first Carolingian emperor, Charlemagne, and in Rome, the ancient capital of emperors.
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